33 résultats pour "subsistent"

• Colonialism and Colonies.

  by plundering the riches of existing civilizations in the Americas and by seizing the area’s mineral wealth through mining. These practices were promoted by the policy of mercantilism that many European colonial powers adopted. Those who advocated mercantilism believed that exports toforeign countries were preferable both to trade within a country and to imports because exports brought more money into the country. They also believed that thewealth of a nation depended primarily on the possession...

• Colonialism and Colonies .

  by plundering the riches of existing civilizations in the Americas and by seizing the area’s mineral wealth through mining. These practices were promoted by the policy of mercantilism that many European colonial powers adopted. Those who advocated mercantilism believed that exports toforeign countries were preferable both to trade within a country and to imports because exports brought more money into the country. They also believed that thewealth of a nation depended primarily on the possession...

• Comment expliquer que la violence et les rapports de force subsistent dans les sociétés démocratiques ?

  des inégalités de richesse et de condition qui font naître la jalousie et la violence. 3. C'est la nature violente de l'humanité qui est cause des inégalités de conditions et chacun doit d'abordessayer en lui-même de contrer cette violence Il semble donc que seule une société totalement égalitaire, où tous les individus aient les mêmes possessions et oùl'existence serait assurée et bonne pour tout le monde, pourrait enrayer la violence. Et pourtant cette idée n'estpas forcément vraie. Il sembl...

• Native Americans of North America.

  addition to smallpox and measles, explorers and colonists brought a host of other diseases: bubonic plague, cholera, typhoid fever, scarlet fever, pleurisy, mumps,diphtheria, pneumonia, whooping cough, malaria, yellow fever, and various sexually transmitted infections. Despite the undisputed devastation wreaked on Indian populations after European contact, native populations showed enormous regional variability in their response todisease exposure. Some peoples survived and, in some cases, even...

• Native Americans of North America - Canadian History.

  addition to smallpox and measles, explorers and colonists brought a host of other diseases: bubonic plague, cholera, typhoid fever, scarlet fever, pleurisy, mumps,diphtheria, pneumonia, whooping cough, malaria, yellow fever, and various sexually transmitted infections. Despite the undisputed devastation wreaked on Indian populations after European contact, native populations showed enormous regional variability in their response todisease exposure. Some peoples survived and, in some cases, even...

• Fiji Islands - country.

  the early 1990s. Fishing is done mainly at a subsistence level, but commercial fishing is increasing. The country also receives income from the sale of licenses to foreignvessels to fish in Fiji’s exclusive economic zone. Industry, including mining, manufacturing, and construction, employs 34 percent of Fiji’s wage earners and, in 2006, contributed 26 percent of GDP. The governmentinstituted tax-free incentives in 1988 that created a flourishing garment industry. Ready-made garments are now the...

• Poverty.

  economic and demographic trends, and (7) welfare incentives. A Overpopulation Overpopulation, the situation of having large numbers of people with too few resources and too little space, is closely associated with poverty. It can result from highpopulation density (the ratio of people to land area, usually expressed as numbers of persons per square kilometer or square mile) or from low amounts of resources, or from both. Excessively high population densities put stress on available resources....

• Vous expliquerez cette pensée de Jean Rostand en l'appliquant à l'œuvre de Ronsard : Dans le domaine spirituel, parmi les œuvres qui durent, il en est qui demeurent vivantes et pleines de suc, tandis que d'autres ne subsistent que comme de beaux fossiles, caractéristiques d'une époque.

• Angola (country) - country.

  Portugal in 1975, it had approximately 400,000 Portuguese settlers. The vast majority of the Portuguese community has since departed for Portugal. A Population Characteristics The 2008 estimated population of Angola, including Cabinda, was 12,531,357. The population distribution, however, was uneven, with about 70 percent of thepopulation concentrated in the north and along the coast. The rate of population increase was 2.1 percent annually in 2008. The population is overwhelmingly rural; only3...

• Native Americans of Middle and South America.

  A line that snakes across central Mexico near the Tropic of Cancer forms the northern boundary of Mesoamerica; north of this line rainfall sharply declines and theclimate is much drier. The ancient civilizations of Mesoamerica all arose and developed in the area between this line and the Guatemalan highlands far to the south. Richvolcanic soils are found throughout much of the region. A2 People and Languages Mesoamerica was a great melting pot, home to many peoples and interrelated cultures. In...

• Grèce antique, art de la - peinture.

  4 PÉRIODE ARCHAÏQUE (V. 625-480 AV. J.-C.) Après l'apprentissage des premiers temps, la période archaïque correspond à l'essor et à la maturation qui préparent l'accomplissement de l'époque classique. Les monuments se multiplient dans les grands sanctuaires de Grèce, mais également en Grèce de l'Est, où l'Ionie développe une civilisation brillante, et dans les prospères colonies occidentales. L'art d'Athènes reflète un certain luxe à l'époque du tyran Pisistrate, que dissipent l'instauration de...

• Grèce antique, art de la - sculpture.

  4 PÉRIODE ARCHAÏQUE (V. 625-480 AV. J.-C.) Après l'apprentissage des premiers temps, la période archaïque correspond à l'essor et à la maturation qui préparent l'accomplissement de l'époque classique. Les monuments se multiplient dans les grands sanctuaires de Grèce, mais également en Grèce de l'Est, où l'Ionie développe une civilisation brillante, et dans les prospères colonies occidentales. L'art d'Athènes reflète un certain luxe à l'époque du tyran Pisistrate, que dissipent l'instauration...

• Archaeology.

  Prehistoric archaeology is practiced by archaeologists known as prehistorians and deals with ancient cultures that did not have writing of any kind. Prehistory, a term coined by 19th-century French scholars, covers past human life from its origins up to the advent of written records. History—that is, the human past documented insome form of writing—began 5000 years ago in parts of southwestern Asia and as recently as the late 19th century AD in central Africa and parts of the Americas. Becaus...

• Maghreb.

  2.4 Ressources naturelles Le Sahara est une barrière naturelle redoutable entre le nord et le sud de l’Afrique. Il a pourtant été traversé depuis des millénaires par des caravanes commerciales quiutilisaient les pistes reliant les oasis du désert. Il était exploité pour son sel, nécessaire aux animaux qui nomadisaient entre le Sahara et le Sahel. Aujourd’hui, sesrichesses en minerais, tout spécialement le pétrole et le gaz naturel, sont de plus en plus importantes pour les économies du Maghreb....

• Maghreb.

  2.4 Ressources naturelles Le Sahara est une barrière naturelle redoutable entre le nord et le sud de l’Afrique. Il a pourtant été traversé depuis des millénaires par des caravanes commerciales quiutilisaient les pistes reliant les oasis du désert. Il était exploité pour son sel, nécessaire aux animaux qui nomadisaient entre le Sahara et le Sahel. Aujourd’hui, sesrichesses en minerais, tout spécialement le pétrole et le gaz naturel, sont de plus en plus importantes pour les économies du Maghreb....

• Botswana - country.

  at birth was 50.2 years, also a significant improvement. The urban population of Botswana has increased rapidly, from 18 percent of the total in 1981 to 51 percent in 2003. Gaborone, the capital, is the largest city and mainbusiness center. Other business centers are Francistown, Selebi-Pikwe, Molepolole, Kanye, and Serowe. Botswana received its name from the country’s principal ethnic group, the Tswana. Other ethnic groups include the Kgalagadi, Kalanga, and Basarwa. There are also asmall numbe...

• Economics.

  Malthus, nature's check was “positive”: “The power of population is so superior to the power of the earth to produce subsistence for man, that premature death must insome shape or other visit the human race.” The shapes it took included war, epidemics, pestilence and plague, human vices, and famine, all combining to level theworld's population with the world's food supply. The only escape from population pressure and the horrors of the positive check was in voluntary limitation of population, no...

• Puerto Rico - geography.

  the length of the day remains fairly constant throughout the year. San Juan has a mean July temperature of 28°C (83°F) and a mean January temperature of 25°C (77°F). The average temperature of the seawater surrounding theisland is 27°C (81°F), with little variation during the course of the year. The entire island is cooled by the trade winds from the northeast. This air also contains much water vapor. As the air is forced to rise over the mountains, it becomescooler and the water vapor condenses...

• Les grands sites romains (Exposé – Art & Littérature – Collège/Lycée)

  ne le cède en rien à celui de Nîmes, un magnifique théâtre, des galeries souterraines que surmontaient jadis des cryptoportiques , des termes de l'époque de Constantin , et nombre de sculptures exhumées de tous ces sites . ORANGE (Arausio) Firma Julia Secundanorum , fondée par Octave pour les vétérans de la Il' légion , conserve notamment l'un des plus anciens arcs de triomphe à trois baies (inauguré par Tibère en 26), ainsi qu'un magnifique t...

• Les vertébrés ne représentent qu'un des multiples embranchements (une trentaine) du monde animal.

  vécu du silurien (430 MA) à la fin du carbonifère (280 MA). Parmi eux se trouvent les ancêtres des chondrichtyens actuels, dont les plus anciens datent du dévonien (380 MA). Quant aux ostéichtyens, ils apparaissent à la limite silurien-dévonien (410 MA) sous deux formes : la forme actinoptérygienne comprend les paléonisciformes, dont la plupart s'éteignent au jurassique (180 MA), et les téléostéens, qui naissent au trias (230 MA) et qui forment l'essentiel des poissons osseux actuels ; la forme...

• Traditionnellement désignée comme le cinquième continent, l'Océanie comprend, dans l'océan Pacifique, deux grands États insulaires indépendants (Australie et Nouvelle-Zélande), et des archipels dispersés, indépendants ou non, où prédominent les populations indigènes.

  Papouasie-Nouvelle-Guinée Pâques (île de) Pitcairn Islands Polynésie Polynésie française Salomon (îles) Samoa (îles) Samoa américaines Samoa occidentales Tokelau Tonga (îles) Tuvalu Vanuatu Wallis-et-Futuna Relief et structure. La nature géologique des terres océaniennes est complexe : vieux socle australien, terrains métamorphiques et sédimentaires de Nouvelle-Zélande et de Nouvelle- Calédonie, abondance d'îles volcaniques et coralliennes. Pour comprendre leur disposition, il fau...

• Belgique.

  de vie (79 années) sont caractéristiques d’un pays industrialisé avec des infrastructures et des soins médicaux développés et modernes. Les Flamands d’origine germanique et les Wallons d’origine celtique sont les deux groupes majoritaires au sein de la population. La distinction s’opère également d’un pointde vue linguistique ; le premier groupe parle le néerlandais et des dialectes qui en sont issus, tandis que les Wallons parlent le français et des dialectes picards et wallons.La moitié nord d...

• s'ornaient de vertes palmes, luttes commémoratives fidèles à la tradition

  doute, iln’y avait plustrace deces villes-fortins, parl’établissement desquellesons’assurait jadislapossession d’une province etqui sont àl’origine detant devilles brésiliennes delacôte oudes fleuves : RiodeJaneiro, Vitoria, Florianopolis danssonîle,Bahia etFortaleza surlecap ; Manaus, Obidosaubord del’Amazone ; ouencore VillaBella de Mato Grosso dontlesruines périodiquement envahiesparlesIndiens Nambikwara subsistentprèsduGuaporé : jadis garnison fameused’un capitão demato – capitaine delabrous...

• Benin - country.

  French is the official language of Benin, but most people speak an African language. Each of the country’s ethnic groups has its own language. Fon is the most widelyspoken language. About 52 percent of the population professes traditional religious beliefs, chiefly Vodun, a belief in spirits. Arab merchants introduced Islam to the region, and today it isthe religion of some 20 percent of the people, most of whom live in the north. Christianity, especially Roman Catholicism, is the religion of ab...

• Burundi - country.

  D Way of Life Most Burundians live in self-contained compounds of small round grass huts scattered over the country’s many hills. The rugo , the traditional Tutsi hut, is divided into sections and surrounded by an enclosure and cattle corrals. Families farm scattered plots of land on different soils at different altitudes to minimize crop failure. Thefloors of valleys are avoided due to higher temperatures and tsetse fly infestation. Social roles are largely determined by ethnicity, with the T...

• Honduras - country.

  A Principal Cities The capital and largest city of Honduras is Tegucigalpa (2006 estimate, 1,324,000), located in the south-central highlands region. The country’s second largest city isSan Pedro Sula (549,498). The principal city and commercial center in the north, it lies in the heart of the vast banana plantations on the Caribbean Sea. La Ceiba(127,590) and Puerto Cortés (90,161) are among the leading Caribbean ports. B Language and Religion Spanish is the official language and is spoken by...

• Africa.

  The highest elevations in Africa are found in the various ranges of East Africa. After Kilimanjaro, the next highest peaks are Mount Kenya (5,199 m/17,057 ft), north ofKilimanjaro in central Kenya; Margherita Peak (5,109 m/ 16,762 ft) in the Ruwenzori Range on the border between Uganda and the Democratic Republic of the Congo(DRC); Ras Dashen (4,620 m/ 15,157 ft) in the Ethiopian Highlands of northern Ethiopia; Mount Meru (4,565 m/ 14,977 ft), close to Kilimanjaro in Tanzania; and MountElgon (4,...

• Africa - Geography.

  The highest elevations in Africa are found in the various ranges of East Africa. After Kilimanjaro, the next highest peaks are Mount Kenya (5,199 m/17,057 ft), north ofKilimanjaro in central Kenya; Margherita Peak (5,109 m/ 16,762 ft) in the Ruwenzori Range on the border between Uganda and the Democratic Republic of the Congo(DRC); Ras Dashen (4,620 m/ 15,157 ft) in the Ethiopian Highlands of northern Ethiopia; Mount Meru (4,565 m/ 14,977 ft), close to Kilimanjaro in Tanzania; and MountElgon (4,...

• Cambodia - country.

  The population of Cambodia is 14,241,640 (2008 estimate). Population growth per year is estimated at 1.8 percent, one of the highest rates in Asia. The rate of infantmortality is also high. The population density is 81 persons per sq km (209 per sq mi), with the densest concentrations on the heavily cultivated central plain. Themountainous regions of the country, where malaria is widespread, are thinly populated, as are the poorly watered northern provinces. During the late 1970s, under thebruta...

• French Canadian Nationalism - Canadian History.

  The revolution ended in independence for the Americans, who named their new country the United States of America. In the aftermath, thousands of people who hadopposed the American Revolution migrated from what was now the United States to British North America. These people, known as the United Empire Loyalists, settledin the Maritimes, where they greatly increased the British majority over the Acadians, and in Québec. Some settled near francophone communities around Montréal andin the Eastern T...

• Guatemala - country.

  C Climate The climate of Guatemala varies according to elevation, from hot coastal plains to cold mountain heights. Most of the population lives between 900 and 2,400 m (3,000and 8,000 ft) above sea level, where there are warm days and cool nights with average annual temperatures of 20°C (68°F). The coastal regions are hot and humid,with average annual temperatures of 28°C (83°F). A rainy season, from May through October, is sometimes called “winter” because it brings cloudy afternoons andlower...

• American Revolution.

  C1 The South Southern agriculture was founded on the cultivation of tobacco, wheat, and corn in Virginia, Maryland, and North Carolina, and of rice and indigo (a blue dye) in SouthCarolina and Georgia. There was a large demand for these crops in Europe. These crops were cultivated with the help of black slaves imported from Africa. The whiteplanter class in the South was the most powerful, both politically and economically. C2 The North Wheat was the main cash crop of the mid-Atlantic colonies...

• American Revolution - U.

  C1 The South Southern agriculture was founded on the cultivation of tobacco, wheat, and corn in Virginia, Maryland, and North Carolina, and of rice and indigo (a blue dye) in SouthCarolina and Georgia. There was a large demand for these crops in Europe. These crops were cultivated with the help of black slaves imported from Africa. The whiteplanter class in the South was the most powerful, both politically and economically. C2 The North Wheat was the main cash crop of the mid-Atlantic colonies...