28 résultats pour "learning"

• Learning.

  B1 Acquisition The acquisition phase is the initial learning of the conditioned response—for example, the dog learning to salivate at the sound of the bell. Several factors can affect the speed of conditioning during the acquisition phase. The most important factors are the order and timing of the stimuli. Conditioning occurs most quickly when theconditioned stimulus (the bell) precedes the unconditioned stimulus (the food) by about half a second. Conditioning takes longer and the response is...

• Vers une philosophie du Machine Learning

  intra-mathématique est, d’une part, marquée par un modèle d’explication globale, issu de la philosophie des sciences tel que les modèles de Friedmann et Kitcher. D’autre part, des modèles tels que ceux de Steiner en philosophie des mathématiques constitue selon Mancosu une approche locale de l’explication mathématiques des résultats mathématiques, un modèle d’explication qui sera étendu à l’explication mathématiques...

• Animal Behavior - biology.

  The first motor program analyzed in much detail was the egg-rolling response of geese. When a goose sees an egg outside its nest, it stares at the egg, stretches itsneck until its bill is just on the other side of the egg, and then gently rolls the egg back into the nest. At first glance this seems a thoughtful and intelligent piece ofbehavior, but it is a mechanical motor program; almost any smooth, rounded object (the sign stimulus) will release the response. Furthermore, removal of the egg on...

• Cognitive Psychology.

  full richness of people’s cognitive experiences. Describing the act of remembering as a process of storage and retrieval, for example, neglects the subjective experienceof remembering. Another criticism is that information-processing theory may not reflect how the brain actually works. Newer models, such as the parallel distributedprocessing model, try to address this criticism by drawing on studies of brain structure and function. Psychologists continue to debate the adequacy of the information...

• Atificiel

  Sustainability 2019,11 , 189 2 of 24Since the 1980s, many research was conducted to minimize the error of prediction through a method dubbed as gradient descent. This method is referred to as a Backpropagation algorithm for the training of the ANNs and it was applied to solve problems in different domains using few hidden layers [ 5,6]. Today, the availability of data has introduced the concept of machine learning as a subcategory to AI. Machine learning implies coding the computers to behave l...

• Memory (psychology).

  memory span —how many items people can correctly recall in order. Researchers would show people increasingly long sequences of digits or letters and then ask them to recall as many of the items as they could. In 1956 American psychologist George Miller reviewed many experiments on memory span and concluded that peoplecould hold an average of seven items in short-term memory. He referred to this limit as “the magical number seven, plus or minus two” because the results of thestudies were so consi...

• Intelligence.

  education. Teachers had no way of knowing which of the “slow” students had true learning problems and which simply had behavioral problems or poor prior education.In 1904 the French Ministry of Public Instruction asked Binet and others to develop a method to objectively identify children who would have difficulty with formaleducation. Objectivity was important so that conclusions about a child’s potential for learning would not be influenced by any biases of the examiner. The governmenthoped tha...

• UN PEU DE SAVOIR [A Little Learning]. (résumé) Evelyn Waugh

• Mammal - biology.

  On land, mammals live in many different habitats, and at a wide range of altitudes. Many mammals dig burrows as refuges or as places to raise their young, but somehave developed a largely subterranean lifestyle, feeding on small animals or plant roots beneath the soil's surface. These animals, including moles and mole-rats, digthrough the ground either with spadelike front paws or with their teeth, and they detect danger by being highly sensitive to vibrations transmitted through the soil.Most m...

• Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.

  Although the drugs are prescribed most often to treat ADHD among children, increasingly adults are taking the drugs for ADHD. From 2002 to 2005 the number ofprescriptions written for adults reportedly increased by 90 percent. In the United States about 2.5 million children and about 1.5 million adults take ADHD drugs. Amember of the FDA advisory panel noted that adults are more likely to have a higher risk of heart problems. Most of the 25 sudden deaths, however, were amongchildren. The prelimin...

• Child Development.

  developmental scientists have studied how cultural values guide the skills and attitudes that children acquire as they mature, and how brain maturation influences thedevelopment of thinking and feeling. For a more detailed discussion of child development theories, see the Theories of Child Development section of this article. III BASIC QUESTIONS A Nature and Nurture Scholars have long debated the relative importance of nature (hereditary influences) and nurture (environmental influences) i...

• From Bulfinch's Mythology: Charlemagne - anthology.

  The titles of some of Archbishop Turpin's chapters will show the nature of his history. They are these: 'Of the Walls of Pampeluna, that fell of themselves.' 'Of theWar of the holy Facundus, where the Spears grew.' (Certain of the Christians fixed their spears, in the evening, erect in the ground, before the castle; and found them,in the morning, covered with bark and branches.) 'How the Sun stood still for Three Days, and the Slaughter of Four Thousand Saracens.' Turpin's history has perhap...

• Confucian philosophy, Chinese

  occupies a pre-eminent place in the history of Chinese philosophy. The core of Confucian thought lies in the teachings of Confucius (551-479 BC) contained in the Analects ( Lunyu ), along with the brilliant and divergent contributions of Mencius (372?-289 BC) and Xunzi ( fl. 298-238 BC), as well as the Daxue (Great Learning) and the Zhongyong (Doctrine of the Mean), originally chapters in the Liji (Book of Rites). Significant and original developments, particularly along a quasi-metaphysica...

• Psychology.

  Clinical psychology is dedicated to the study, diagnosis, and treatment of mental illnesses and other emotional or behavioral disorders. More psychologists work in this field than in any other branch of psychology. In hospitals, community clinics, schools, and in private practice, they use interviews and tests to diagnose depression,anxiety disorders, schizophrenia, and other mental illnesses. People with these psychological disorders often suffer terribly. They experience disturbing symptoms t...

• ForproF - Préparation aux concours des métiers de la fonction publique.

  ForproF - Préparation aux concours des métiers de la fonction publique. ForproF- Formation continue, cours collectifs, cours particuliers, cours à distance, e-learning ForproF – Institut Supérieur de Formation – Z.I. La Courtine – 84000 AVIGNON 2/15 Tous les droits de reproduction de ce document sont strictement réservés à ForproF- CRPE 2007 – Devoirs autocorrigés Corrigé du devoir n°1 Barême : Détail de la note Compréhension Présentation orale du document 3 Lecture 2...

• Han Dynasty - History.

  However, these reforms faced serious opposition. The feudal barons formed an alliance and rebelled against Wang Mang. They were joined by members of the Liufamily, who were descended from Jingdi (Ching-ti), a former Han emperor, and a civil war followed. As the empire fell into disorder, militant secret societies formedarmed bands and attacked villages and towns. Wang Mang had believed that proper institutions would eventually bring peace to China, but in AD 23, an army led by the Liu clan brea...

• Shanghai - geography.

  language. V EDUCATION AND CULTURE Shanghai is one of China’s leading centers of learning and culture. The metropolitan area is home to more than 40 institutions of higher learning. These include some ofChina’s most famous universities, such as Fudan University (founded in 1905), Tongji University (1907), and the East China Normal University (1951). A large branch ofthe Chinese Academy of Sciences is located in Shanghai, and extensive research is undertaken in areas such as semiconductors, laser...

• Hungary - country.

  Northern Hungary lacks sufficient water, especially between July and October, when precipitation levels are typically low. Canals irrigate the Great Hungarian Plain,which is subject to drought. Because of the country’s mainly flat terrain, only limited water resources can be harnessed for hydroelectric power. F Environmental Issues Rapid industrialization in Hungary following World War II contributed significantly to a number of major environmental problems, including air, water, and soil pollu...

• English Literature I INTRODUCTION English Literature, literature produced in England, from the introduction of Old English by the Anglo-Saxons in the 5th century to the present.

  evident. That feature is typical of other Old English literature, for almost all of what survives was preserved by monastic copyists. Most of it was actually composed byreligious writers after the early conversion of the people from their faith in the older Germanic divinities. Sacred legend and story were reduced to verse in poems resembling Beowulf in form. At first such verse was rendered in the somewhat simple, stark style of the poems of Caedmon, a humble man of the late 7th century who w...

• Critique, rejet et réhabilitation des techniques traditionnelles de fabrication : de Vers une architecture à Learning from Vernacular.

  Critique, rejet et réhabilitation des techniques traditionnelles de fabrication : de Vers une architecture à Learning from Vernacular. En 1917, en présentant sa Fontaine à l'exposition de l'Armory Show de New-York Marcel Duchamp va durablement ébranlé l'idée même de ce que peux être l'art. Alfred Stieglitz, photographie de la Fontaine de Marcel Duchamp, 1917. Marcel Duchamp est à cette époque membre directeur de la Société des artistes indépendants de New York (Society of Independent Artis...

• CRPE SESSION 2007 ANGLAIS Corrigé 3 Réf: CRFDAng - CRAng - CRFDAng2 N° Indigo : 08 2031 2031 Site Internet: http://www.

  ForproF- Préparation aux concours de l’enseignement et de la fonction publique ForproF - Formation continue, cours collectifs, cours particuliers, cours à distance, e-learning ForproF- Institut Supérieur de Formation– Z.I. La Courtine – 84000 AVIGNON 2/9 Tous droits de reproduction réservés à ForproF - CRPE 2007- Anglais Corrigé 3 CORRIGE 3 Corrigé du devoir d’anglais 3 Nom du candidat : Nom du correcteur : Note du candidat :...

• CRPE SESSION 2007 FORPROF ANGLAIS Corrigé 2 Réf: CRFDAng - CRAng - CRFDAng2 N° Indigo : 08 2031 2031 Site Internet: http://www.

  ForproF- Préparation aux concours de l’enseignement et de la fonction publique ForproF - Formation continue, cours collectifs, cours particuliers, cours à distance, e-learning ForproF- Institut Supérieur de Formation– Z.I. La Courtine – 84000 AVIGNON 2/9 Tous droits de reproduction réservés à ForproF - CRPE 2007- Anglais Corrigé 2 CORRIGE 2 Nom du candidat : Nom du correcteur : Note du candidat : /20 Détail de la note Compré...

• CRPE SESSION 2007 FORPROF ANGLAIS Corrigé 4 Réf: CRFDAng - CRAng - CRFDAng2 N° Indigo : 08 2031 2031 Site Internet: http://www.

  ForproF- Préparation aux concours de l’enseignement et de la fonction publique ForproF - Formation continue, cours collectifs, cours particuliers, cours à distance, e-learning ForproF- Institut Supérieur de Formation– Z.I. La Courtine – 84000 AVIGNON 2/9 Tous droits de reproduction réservés à ForproF - CRPE 2007- Anglais Corrigé 4 CORRIGE 4 Corrigé du devoir d’anglais 4 Nom du candidat : Nom du correcteur : Note du candidat : /...

• CRPE SESSION 2007 FORPROF ANGLAIS Corrigé 1 Réf: CRFDAng - CRAng - CRFDAng2 N° Indigo : 08 2031 2031 Site Internet: http://www.

  ForproF- Préparation aux concours de l’enseignement et de la fonction publique ForproF - Formation continue, cours collectifs, cours particuliers, cours à distance, e-learning ForproF- Institut Supérieur de Formation– Z.I. La Courtine – 84000 AVIGNON 2/10 Tous droits de reproduction réservés à ForproF - CRPE 2007- Anglais Corrigé1 CORRIGE DEVOIR N° 1 Nom du candidat : Nom du correcteur : Note du candidat : /20 Détail de la note...

• Pittsburgh - geography.

  College of Allegheny County (1966), with branches in the city and suburbs. Pittsburgh has many outstanding cultural institutions. The Oakland district is where Carnegie Mellon University and the University of Pittsburgh are located. The CarnegieMuseums of Pittsburgh include The Carnegie Museum of Art (including the Scaife Galleries), which holds a distinguished motion-picture and video collection and a uniquestudy of architecture; the Carnegie Museum of Natural History, which displays an extensi...

• The Souls of Black Folk by W.

  in amused contempt and pity. One ever feels his two-ness,—an American, a Negro; two souls, two thoughts, two unreconciled strivings; two warring ideals in onedark body, whose dogged strength alone keeps it from being torn asunder. The history of the American Negro is the history of this strife—this longing to attain self-conscious manhood, to merge his double self into a better and truer self. Inthis merging he wishes neither of the older selves to be lost. He would not Africanize America, f...

• Social Psychology.

  During the 1960s, American psychologist Stanley Milgram studied a form of social influence stronger than conformity: obedience to authority. In a famous series ofexperiments that attracted controversy about human research ethics, Milgram put each of 1,000 subjects into a situation in which they were ordered by anexperimenter to administer painful electric shocks to a confederate (who did not actually receive any shocks). The subjects in these studies were led to believe that theywere acting as '...

• Skiing.

  Safety is very important to all skiers, and all Alpine resorts have a ski patrol. The ski patrol’s responsibility is to take care of injured skiers, to mark hazardous spots ontrails, to make sure that trails are in good condition before opening them, and, at times, to act as traffic police in congested areas. Skiers are also responsible for takingtheir own safety into consideration, as well as that of others. Anyone who participates in the sport should be aware of the Skier’s Responsibility Code...