72 résultats pour "critic"

• Définition du terme: criticisme CRITICISME, substantif masculin.

• criticisme.

• Crítica de la razón pura - filosofia.

  universales de la naturaleza. Acotan el campo de la experiencia posible, fuera del cual ningún conocimiento objetivo es posible, ya que excede nuestro poder cognoscitivo.El entendimiento no se ocupa, pues, más que de los fenómenos , sean las cosas tal como nos parecen y no tal como son. Fuera de la esfera fenomenal las cosas residen en sí, inaccesibles de hecho a la experiencia. Por este motivo los poderes de la propia razón están limitados, porque “nuestro conocimiento proviene de dos fuentesf...

• Qu'est-ce que le CRITICISME ?

  Le projet La critique désigne chez E. Kant un examen des limites de la raison ; il s'est d'abord appliqué à délimiter le pouvoir de connaissance de la raison. Comment expliquer l'origine de nos connaissances à partir de l'expérience, tout enétant fondé à poser des relations constantes et nécessaires entre les phénomènes ? En 1781, dans sa Critique de la raison pure, Kant reprend tout le problème en introduisant des distinctions tout à fait éclairantes. Que toute notre connaissance commence...

• Empirio-criticisme

  Empirio-criticisme ss à la fraction de Lénine. C'est pourquoi celui-ci réagit très vigoureusement par une attaque en règle de l'empi­ rio-criticisme. Pour lui, cette philosophie est la négaUon même du matérialisme. Il lui reproche de dissoudre la réalité objective dans une lnterprétaUon symbolique oCJ les choses disparaissent dans des complexes de sensa­ tions. Cette théorie rejoint à ses yeux l'Idéalisme le_ plus déterminé. 5 " Matérialisme et empir...

• Crítica del juicio - filosofia.

  un principio de la facultad del juicio reflectante (o reguladora), y no de la facultad del juicio determinante” (o constitutiva). Este principio es crítico como condición subjetivadel pensamiento, y no dogmático u objetivo; es el momento también de evocar la existencia del hombre como fin último de la creación, la cual supone desde entoncescultura y disciplina. Con el pensamiento expuesto en esta obra se cierra el vasto tríptico crítico kantiano: la metafísica es sólo posible sabiéndose fenomeno...

• Crítica de la razón dialéctica - filosofia.

• Crítica de la razón práctica - filosofia.

• CRITICISME PHILOSOPHIQUE ET SA SIGNIFICATION POUR LA SCIENCE POSITIVE (Le) (résumé & analyse)

• le criticisme de Kant

• Vocabulaire: CRITICISME.

  Le projet La critique désigne chez E. Kant un examen des limites de la raison ; il s'est d'abord appliqué à délimiter le pouvoir de connaissance de la raison. Comment expliquer l'origine de nos connaissances à partir de l'expérience, tout enétant fondé à poser des relations constantes et nécessaires entre les phénomènes ? En 1781, dans sa Critique de la raison pure, Kant reprend tout le problème en introduisant des distinctions tout à fait éclairantes. Que toute notre connaissance commence...

• I. LE CRITICISME A. L'idée critique. L'origine de l'idée critique est dans

  Le Criticisme telle relation 1 . Il en concluait que la raison se faisait tout à fait illusion sur cette notion, la considérant à tort comme sa propre progéniture, alors qu'elle n'était qu'un bâtard de l'ima­ gination qui, fécondée par l'expérience, a placé certaines repré­ sentations sous la loi d'association, faisant passer la nécessité subjective qui en dérive, c'est-à-dire une habitude, pour une nécessité objective fondée sur la connaissance. Il...

• Children's Literature I INTRODUCTION Kate Greenaway's May Day The delicate skill and graceful simplicity of English artist Kate Greenaway's illustrations delighted children and impressed thinkers, including art critic John Ruskin.

  With the development of vernacular literature, particularly after the invention of printing, more children's books appeared. The publications of the first English printer,William Caxton, included the Book of Curtesye (1477), a collection of rhymes that sets forth rules of conduct for a “goodly chylde.” Eight years later Caxton printed Le Morte d'Arthur (1469-1470; The Death of Arthur ) by English translator and compiler Sir Thomas Malory, which became the basis for later treatments of the A...

• Literary Criticism I INTRODUCTION Literary Criticism, discussion of literature, including description, analysis, interpretation, and evaluation of literary works.

  IV THE 17TH AND 18TH CENTURIES The climate of criticism changed with the arrival on the literary scene of such giants as Miguel de Cervantes, Lope de Vega, and Pedro Calderòn in Spain; WilliamShakespeare, Ben Jonson, and John Milton in England; and Pierre Corneille, Jean Baptiste Racine, and Molière in France. Most of these writers specialized or excelled indrama, and consequently the so-called battle of the ancients and moderns—the critical comparison of Greek and Roman authors with more rece...

• Impressionism (art) I INTRODUCTION Vegetable Garden at the Hermitage, Pontoise Vegetable Garden at the Hermitage, Pontoise (1879) was painted by the French artist Camille Pissarro.

  the Grass; 1863, Musée d’Orsay, Paris), which depicts a nude woman at a woodland picnic. To emphasize the woman’snakedness, Manet not only shows that she has recently disrobed (by painting her clothes in a heap nearby) but alsodepicts her male companions fully clothed. In addition, the woman stares directly and unabashedly at the viewer, makingus feel almost like voyeurs as we gaze back. Manet’s painting style–the flat figures, which look almost like cutouts, andloose brushwork–also bewildered a...

• Weegee, The Critic - photographie.

• CRITICA (Revue). (résumé & analyse)

• George Bush.

  1986 it was folded into Harken Energy Corporation, another Texas petroleum company. Bush served as a consultant and a member of Harken’s board of directors. In 1987 Bush relocated his family to Washington, D.C., to assist his father in his bid to become president. He worked as a campaign adviser at his father’s nationalcampaign headquarters, serving as a liaison to the media and to conservative and Christian leaders. He was a trusted confidant of his father and mother, whosometimes dispatched Bu...

• George Bush - USA History.

  1986 it was folded into Harken Energy Corporation, another Texas petroleum company. Bush served as a consultant and a member of Harken’s board of directors. In 1987 Bush relocated his family to Washington, D.C., to assist his father in his bid to become president. He worked as a campaign adviser at his father’s nationalcampaign headquarters, serving as a liaison to the media and to conservative and Christian leaders. He was a trusted confidant of his father and mother, whosometimes dispatched Bu...

• CRÍTICA AL ARTISTA SANTIAGO SIERRA

  SANTIAGO SIERRA Suele argumentarse que la relevancia de su obra consiste en visibilizar los increíbles niveles de violencia y polarización social, así como la absoluta desprotección en la que se encuentran los sectores más pobres. Se sugiere entonces que es una herramienta que nos permite entender nuestra realidad y posicionarnos en relación a la misma. Pero si bien sus trabajos reflejan claramente el estado de indefensión en que se encuentran importantes sectores de la sociedad, ¿en qué s...

• German Literature I INTRODUCTION German Literature, literature written in the German language from the 8th century to the present, and including the works of German, Austrian, and Swiss authors.

  Till EulenspiegelThe medieval peasant Till Eulenspiegel appears in many German folktales as a trickster who outwits people in positions ofauthority. In this image his first name is spelled Tyll.Keystone Pressedienst GmbH The rise of the middle class in the 14th and 15th centuries and the struggles of the peasants against the nobility culminated in the great 16th-century religiousrevolution known as the Reformation. This movement was reflected in literature, especially by Martin Luther, whose tra...

• Canadian Parliament.

  government’s legislative program. Members of Commons can also present a motion in response to the Budget Speech, which reviews the government’s economicrecord, taxation, and expenditure plans, and to Supply Motions, which concern budgets for individual departments. If a majority of MPs support a no-confidence motion,the government must resign. Also, if Parliament rejects a significant government proposal, the government is expected to resign and request the governor-general to call an election....

• Prison.

  Furthermore, experts disagree about whether imprisoning criminals actually prevents further crime. Some critics charge that American prisons simply warehouseviolence—meaning that U.S. prison inmates are confined and incapacitated in large numbers, with little or no effort made to rehabilitate them. Critics have labeled theresult of this process turnstile justice, referring to the fact that most inmates are chronic and persistent offenders and return to prison following conviction for new crime...

• Kant Emmanuel, 1724-1804, né à Königsberg, philosophe allemand.

  du jugement , 1790), à la psychologie ( Anthropologie du point de vue pragmatique , 1798), à la religion ( la Religion dans les limites de la simple raison , 1793), à l'histoire ( Idée d'une histoire universelle au point de vue cosmopolite , 1784), au droit, à la politique, à la pédagogie, etc. Le kantisme. À la fin du XVIII e siècle, le criticisme kantien s'imposa comme la référence du débat philosophique en Allemagne. Des commentaires présentaient le kantisme (C.E. Schmid, Critique...

• Deoxyribonucleic Acid - biology.

  bacterium Escherichia coli . In 1998 scientists achieved the milestone of sequencing the complete genome of a multicellular organism—a roundworm identified as Caenorhabditis elegans . The Human Genome Project, an international research collaboration, was established to determine the sequence of all of the 3 billion nucleotide base pairs that make up thehuman genetic material. In 2003 scientists completed the sequencing of the human genome. The project identified nearly all of the estimated 20...

• Jane Austen.

  years later.) Mansfield Park is Jane Austen’s most ambitious novel—in length, in variety of characterization, and in the scope of its theme. It centers on the effects of upbringing on personal morality in three families—the middle-class Bertrams, the fashionable Crawfords, and the impoverished Prices. Austen has been praised for her presentation ofthe complex relations between the members of the families, but as in Sense and Sensibility, she frustrates the expectations of her readers that the...

• Jane Austen I INTRODUCTION Jane Austen English author Jane Austen crafted satirical romances set within the confines of upper-middle-class English society.

  up their personal pride and prejudices before they can enter into a happy relationship together. As do Austen’s earlier writings, Pride and Prejudice displays the themes of appearance versus reality, and impulse versus deliberation. Elizabeth, trusting her own impulses, makes a mistake about Darcy and his apparent arrogance that deliberation and further experience eventually cause her to correct. Of Elizabeth, Austenwrote: “I must confess that I think her as delightful a creature as ever appea...

• Genetic Engineering.

  Pseudomonas fluorescens bacterium. The genetically altered Pseudomonas fluorescens bacterium produces light in proportion to the amount of its activity in breaking down the naphthalene, thus providing a way to monitor the efficiency of the process ( see Bioremediation). A3 Medicine In 1982 the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved for the first time the medical use of a recombinant DNA protein, the hormone insulin, whichhad been cloned in large quantities by inserting th...

• Edgar Allan Poe I INTRODUCTION Edgar Allan Poe (1809-1849), American writer, known as a poet and critic but most famous as the first master of the short-story form (see Short Story), especially the psychological horror tale.

  the deciphering of a code. “The Murders in the Rue Morgue” (1841), “The Mystery of Marie Rogêt” (1842-1843), and “The Purloined Letter” (1844) are regarded aspredecessors of the modern mystery, or detective, story ( see Detective Story). Many of Poe’s tales are distinguished by the author’s unique grotesque inventiveness in addition to his superb plot construction. Poe was unequaled in evoking an all-encompassing mood of horror through the rendering of setting and atmosphere. The opening descri...

• Charles Dickens I INTRODUCTION Charles Dickens English author Charles Dickens ranks as one of the most popular writers in the history of world literature.

  Papers of the Pickwick Club (1836-1837; 1837); The Adventures of Oliver Twist (1837-1839; 1838); The Life and Adventures of Nicholas Nickleby (1838-1839; 1839); The Old Curiosity Shop (1840-1841; 1841); Barnaby Rudge (1841); The Life and Adventures of Martin Chuzzlewit (1843-1844; 1844); Dombey and Son (1846-1848; 1848); The Personal History of David Copperfield (1849-1850; 1850); Bleak House (1852-1853; 1853); Hard Times (1854); Little Dorrit (1855-1857; 1857); A Tale of Tw...

• Charles Dickens.

  The Old Curiosity Shop broke hearts across Britain and North America when it first appeared. Later readers, however, have found it excessively sentimental, especially the pathos surrounding the death of its child-heroine Little Nell. Dickens’s next two works proved less popular with the public. Barnaby Rudge, Dickens’s first historical novel, revolves around anti-Catholic riots that broke out in London in 1780. The events in Martin Chuzzlewit become a vehicle for the novel’s theme: selfishne...

• Brian Mulroney.

  At the party convention Mulroney was one of the candidates who ran against Clark. This time Mulroney did not have to contend with a rival candidate from Québec. Healso had the support of the remnants of the Diefenbaker faction—who disliked Clark even more than they disliked Mulroney. Mulroney was also endorsed by asubstantial group of members of Parliament; this endorsement helped allay concerns about whether he could provide effective leadership in Parliament. Mulroney waselected leader of the...

• Brian Mulroney - Canadian History.

  At the party convention Mulroney was one of the candidates who ran against Clark. This time Mulroney did not have to contend with a rival candidate from Québec. Healso had the support of the remnants of the Diefenbaker faction—who disliked Clark even more than they disliked Mulroney. Mulroney was also endorsed by asubstantial group of members of Parliament; this endorsement helped allay concerns about whether he could provide effective leadership in Parliament. Mulroney waselected leader of the...

• letteratura italiana

  La nuova Italia: orizzonti sociali, politici, ideologici In Italia il raggiungimento dell'unità politica, dopo secoli di dominazione straniera e di particolarismi regionali, impone uno sforzo di unificazione reale, in un paese che presenta situazioni tra loro lontanissime e inconciliabili, dai modi di sviluppo industriale e borghese del Nord alla sopravvivenza di forme di tipo feudale nel Sud. Lo sviluppo del capitalismo italiano si trovò a dover fare i conti con la frantumazione del paes...

• Woodrow Wilson.

  daughters. In 1885 Wilson also accepted a position with the newly opened Bryn Mawr College, a school for women near Philadelphia. Wilson was not particularly patient with womenas intellectual associates and did not enjoy his teaching duties. He was, however, able to pursue his writing. A University Professor In 1888 Wilson left Bryn Mawr for a professorship in history and political economy at Wesleyan University in Connecticut. There, in 1889, he published The State, a lengthy textbook analyz...

• Woodrow Wilson

  daughters. In 1885 Wilson also accepted a position with the newly opened Bryn Mawr College, a school for women near Philadelphia. Wilson was not particularly patient with womenas intellectual associates and did not enjoy his teaching duties. He was, however, able to pursue his writing. A University Professor In 1888 Wilson left Bryn Mawr for a professorship in history and political economy at Wesleyan University in Connecticut. There, in 1889, he published The State, a lengthy textbook analyz...

• USA - Iraq War - History.

  B Making the Case for War B1 “Neoconservatives” and the Bush Doctrine Long before President George W. Bush took office in 2001, elements in or close to the Republican Party had called repeatedly for firmer U.S. steps against Iraq,including a war if necessary to force a regime change. One such group authored a white paper in 1996 called A Clean Break: A New Strategy for Securing the Realm , which was later sent to Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, leader of Israel’s Likud Party. It advocated...

• U.S.-Iraq War - U.S. History. I INTRODUCTION U.S.-Iraq War, military action begun in

  B Making the Case for War B1 “Neoconservatives” and the Bush Doctrine Long before President George W. Bush took office in 2001, elements in or close to the Republican Party had called repeatedly for firmer U.S. steps against Iraq,including a war if necessary to force a regime change. One such group authored a white paper in 1996 called A Clean Break: A New Strategy for Securing the Realm , which was later sent to Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, leader of Israel’s Likud Party. It advocated...

• Globalization.

  higher living standard for their people. The World Bank made loans to developing countries for dams and other electrical-generating plants, harbor facilities, and otherlarge projects. These projects were intended to lower costs for private businesses and to attract investors. Beginning in 1968 the World Bank focused on low-cost loansfor health, education, and other basic needs of the world’s poor. B International Monetary Fund The IMF makes loans so that countries can maintain the value of thei...

• Intelligence.

  education. Teachers had no way of knowing which of the “slow” students had true learning problems and which simply had behavioral problems or poor prior education.In 1904 the French Ministry of Public Instruction asked Binet and others to develop a method to objectively identify children who would have difficulty with formaleducation. Objectivity was important so that conclusions about a child’s potential for learning would not be influenced by any biases of the examiner. The governmenthoped tha...

• Modern Art I INTRODUCTION American Gothic American Gothic was painted by the 20th-century American artist Grant Wood in 1930.

  while at the other side a woman in black appears to mourn the end of her participation in the dance. Click on the buttonsto learn more.© Microsoft Corporation. All Rights Reserved. In view of this diversity, it is difficult to define modern art in a way that includes all of 20th-century Western art. For some critics, the most important characteristic ofmodern art is its attempt to make painting and sculpture ends in themselves, thus distinguishing modernism from earlier forms of art that had con...

• Film Noir I INTRODUCTION Lynch's Blue Velvet The motion picture Blue Velvet (1986) brought wide acclaim to American director David Lynch.

  Double IndemnityBarbara Stanwyck and Fred MacMurray are featured in Double Indemnity (1944), a story of lust and greed in the film noirtradition, directed by Billy Wilder. The film’s events are related in flashbacks by protagonist Walter Neff (MacMurray), whomakes a dying confession about a plot to kill a man for his insurance money.Bettmann/Corbis Another common aspect of film noir is the femme fatale, a seductive woman who lures the protagonist into actions that ultimately lead to his downfall...

• Modernizacao teatro europeu

  2 Na França, o escritor naturalista Émile Zola começou a luta pela renovação dramatúrgica já na década de 1870, fazendo a crítica da artificialidade da “peça benfeita”. Ele queria que o teatro mostrasse a vida como ela é. Com sua brutalidade, com assuntos polêmicos, com personagens que fossem copiadas da vida real e que assim se mostrassem em cena. Sua prática teatral, porém, ficou aquém do pensamento. Suas ideias frutificaram na década seguinte, segundo Eric Bentley, “quando Henry Bec...

• Communism.

  In Britain, Robert Owen, a philanthropic Welsh manufacturer, strove against the social problems brought about by the Industrial Revolution and sought to improve thewelfare of workers. As manager of a cotton mill, he enhanced the environment of his workers by improving their housing, modernizing mill equipment for greater safetyand sanitation, and establishing low-priced stores for the workers and schools for their children. Owen believed that workers, rather than governments, should createthe in...

• Communism .

  In Britain, Robert Owen, a philanthropic Welsh manufacturer, strove against the social problems brought about by the Industrial Revolution and sought to improve thewelfare of workers. As manager of a cotton mill, he enhanced the environment of his workers by improving their housing, modernizing mill equipment for greater safetyand sanitation, and establishing low-priced stores for the workers and schools for their children. Owen believed that workers, rather than governments, should createthe in...

• The feminist critics in economics

  Gender, Societies and Economics 2nd synthesis – The feminist critics in economics. Economics could be defined as a human activity, a mathematical discipline and a social science that seeks to analyse and describe the production, distribution, and consumption of wealth1. Labour markets and exchanges of goods and services (local and worldwide) may also be studied through the lens of economics. Economics has always, or almost always, been considered part of the hard sciences (i.e., dealing w...

• Consentimiento, libertad obligación política, P. Plamenatz

  2 igualmente porque nunca tendremos un consentimiento de todos y para todas las leyes preconizadas por un gobierno. De este hecho viene que los deberes de los gobernantes no deben basar se solo sobre el consentimiento del pueblo. Así que lo escribe Plamenatz, “no puede considerarse al consentimiento como la única base de la obligación política”. Plamenatz sigue operando un análisis de los conceptos de “voluntad general” y de “bi...

• Les preuves de l'existence de Dieu.

  Quatre grands mouvements de pensée , en particulier, considèrent qu'il est impossible d'avoir une certitude sur la réalité. Ils nient, voire déprécient, la valeur de la raison. A- Le scepticisme : l'homme est incapable de discerner le vrai du faux . Motifs invoqués : l'ignorance ( nous ne savons le tout de rien ! ), l'erreur ( errare humanum est; on ne sait pas toujours où se trouve l'erreur ), la contradiction ( désaccord entre les hommes; la vérité change selon l'espace et le temps ), le...

• Édouard Manet I INTRODUCTION Manet: Tradition and Innovation French impressionist painter Édouard Manet shocked art audiences in Paris with Le déjeuner sur l'herbe (The Luncheon on the Grass; 1863, Musée d'Orsay, Paris), which depicts a nude woman at a woodland picnic.

  Le Déjeuner sur l’herbeLe Déjeuner sur l’herbe (Luncheon on the Grass) by Édouard Manet was painted in 1863. When it was first displayed, therough brushwork and undefined areas of color were as distressing to the public as the nude woman who was neither aclassical goddess nor a symbol in an allegory. Manet claimed that the real subject of the painting was light, and it was thatphilosophy that gave birth to impressionism.Bridgeman Art Library, London/New York After his father died in 1862, Manet...

• Claude Monet I INTRODUCTION Monet's Gardens at Giverny From 1890 until his death in 1926, Claude Monet lived and painted in the small village of Giverny, near Paris.

  small works, Monet’s quick daubs of fresh colors aptly capture the movement of the water and gaiety of the scene. Despite his father's disapproval, in 1870 Monet married Camille, who had already borne him a son. To escape the Franco-Prussian War (1870-1871), during whichGerman troops threatened Paris, the couple went to London, then to Holland. They returned in 1872 and settled in Argenteuil, a sailing center on the Seine Riveroutside Paris. Monet painted numerous vibrant, light-filled views of...