283 résultats pour "expansive"

• Assyrien - Geschichte.

  anlegten, gingen diese Gebiete regelmäßig verloren, wenn der gewaltsame Zugriff sich lockerte. Thron- und Nachfolgestreitigkeiten schwächten immer wieder die Macht derZentralregierung. 6 DAS NEUASSYRISCHE REICH (883-612 V. CHR.) Assurnasirpal II., der Sohn von Tukulti-ninurta II., der von 884 bis 859 v. Chr. herrschte, erweiterte den assyrischen Machtbereich im Norden und Osten. Mit grausamenFeldzügen verwüstete er die Länder, die an sein Reich grenzten. Anstelle der alten Hauptstadt Assur wurd...

• radioastronomie - astronomie.

  Des pouvoirs de résolution encore plus élevés peuvent être atteints en espaçant les antennes sur des milliers de kilomètres. Mais il devient alors plus difficile de transmettredirectement les signaux de chaque antenne en un lieu de traitement commun : les signaux captés par chaque antenne sont donc enregistrés, puis expédiés vers un centrede traitement informatique. Cette technique d'interférométrie à très large base (VLBI, pour Very Long Baseline Interferometry) requiert l'utilisation d'horloge...

• turbine.

  Au début du XXe siècle, la demande croissante en électricité d’origine hydroélectrique rendit nécessaire le développement d’une turbine pouvant être adaptée à de faibles hauteurs de chute d’eau, de 3 à 9 m, et utilisable sur de nombreuses rivières où de petites retenues pouvaient être construites. En 1913, l’ingénieur autrichien Viktor Kaplan proposa pour la première fois son turbopropulseur, qui fonctionne comme une hélice de bateau inversée. Il améliora par la suite cette turbine à écouleme...

• Columbus (Ohio) - geography.

  A balance among manufacturing, technology, research, and financial activities has helped Columbus’s economy to continue to boom. Much of the city’s expansion resultsfrom its function as a sophisticated service center. By 1990 manufacturing occupied only 12 percent of the area’s labor force. That contrasted with services, includinggovernment, finance, and transportation and utilities, which accounted for almost 60 percent of all employment. The two largest employers in Columbus are state governme...

• automobile, industrie1PRÉSENTATIONautomobile, industrie, secteur de production industrielle englobant la conception, la fabrication et la commercialisation des véhicules automobiles.

  Vers 1911, plus de 600 000 voitures circulent sur les routes américaines, beaucoup plus que dans les pays européens, mais la plupart de ces véhicules fonctionnent encore à la vapeur ou à l’électricité. La France est, en 1913, le premier exportateur mondial d’automobiles. L’industrie nationale est passée d’une production de 1 850 véhicules en 1898, à 45 000 à la veille de la Première Guerre mondiale. Les Établissements Renault, qui ont produit 6 véhicules en 1898, en commercialisent près de 4 5...

• automobile, industrie.

  Vers 1911, plus de 600 000 voitures circulent sur les routes américaines, beaucoup plus que dans les pays européens, mais la plupart de ces véhicules fonctionnent encore à la vapeur ou à l’électricité. La France est, en 1913, le premier exportateur mondial d’automobiles. L’industrie nationale est passée d’une production de 1 850 véhicules en 1898, à 45 000 à la veille de la Première Guerre mondiale. Les Établissements Renault, qui ont produit 6 véhicules en 1898, en commercialisent près de 4 5...

• géologie.

  d’années pour produire les formes du relief actuel. Cette théorie le met en opposition avec les opinions théologiques de l’époque, qui soutiennent, selon une chronologiefondée sur les récits de l’Ancien Testament, que la Terre a environ 6 000 ans. Les adversaires d’Hutton, menés par le naturaliste français Georges Cuvier, pensent que deschangements violents, soudains — des catastrophes naturelles comme les inondations, les tremblements de terre et le Déluge biblique — sont responsables descaract...

• géologie - géologie et géophysique.

  d’années pour produire les formes du relief actuel. Cette théorie le met en opposition avec les opinions théologiques de l’époque, qui soutiennent, selon une chronologiefondée sur les récits de l’Ancien Testament, que la Terre a environ 6 000 ans. Les adversaires d’Hutton, menés par le naturaliste français Georges Cuvier, pensent que deschangements violents, soudains — des catastrophes naturelles comme les inondations, les tremblements de terre et le Déluge biblique — sont responsables descaract...

• Houston - geography.

  Prominent historical and cultural institutions include the Civic Center Complex, located in the central business district. The complex is composed of the George R. BrownConvention Center; the Wortham Center, which is the home of the Houston Grand Opera and the Houston Ballet; and the Jesse H. Jones Hall for Performing Arts, whichis the home of the Houston Symphony. The nearby Alley Theatre houses a professional repertory acting company. Among other local professional performance groupsare the Ma...

• Franklin Pierce.

  At the end of the war, Pierce returned home to his wife and six-year-old son. His law partnership had been dissolved, and he took a new partner. The new firm, like theold one, was highly successful. D Elder Statesman Pierce was by nature a politician. Although still in his early forties, as a retired U.S. senator he became New Hampshire's elder statesman and head of a group of lawyer-politicians called the Concord Clique, or the Regency. The group controlled the state's Democratic Party. Pierce...

• Franklin Pierce

  At the end of the war, Pierce returned home to his wife and six-year-old son. His law partnership had been dissolved, and he took a new partner. The new firm, like theold one, was highly successful. D Elder Statesman Pierce was by nature a politician. Although still in his early forties, as a retired U.S. senator he became New Hampshire's elder statesman and head of a group of lawyer-politicians called the Concord Clique, or the Regency. The group controlled the state's Democratic Party. Pierce...

• Italy - country.

  C Natural Resources Italy is poor in natural resources. Much of the land is unsuitable for agriculture because of mountainous terrain or unfavorable climate. Italy, moreover, lacks substantialdeposits of basic natural resources such as coal, iron, and petroleum. Natural gas is the country’s most important mineral resource. Other deposits include feldspar andpumice. Many of Italy’s mineral deposits on the islands of Sicily and Sardinia had been heavily depleted by the early 1990s. Italy is rich...

• Herbert Hoover.

  E Postwar Work Even after the armistice, the Allies continued their blockade around Germany. Hoover, in Europe again, worked to have it relaxed. He was appointed chairman of theAmerican Relief Administration to assist in the economic restoration of Europe, receiving from the U.S. Congress $100 million to fight famine and plague. In this officialrole, and afterward as a private citizen, Hoover oversaw the distribution of 46 million tons of food to people in 30 countries. He controlled shipping,...

• Herbert Hoover

  E Postwar Work Even after the armistice, the Allies continued their blockade around Germany. Hoover, in Europe again, worked to have it relaxed. He was appointed chairman of theAmerican Relief Administration to assist in the economic restoration of Europe, receiving from the U.S. Congress $100 million to fight famine and plague. In this officialrole, and afterward as a private citizen, Hoover oversaw the distribution of 46 million tons of food to people in 30 countries. He controlled shipping,...

• Chicago (city, Illinois) - geography.

  VI EDUCATIONAL AND CULTURAL INSTITUTIONS Chicago has one of the largest public school systems in the United States. The Chicago Board of Education administers the system in a centralized fashion; in recentyears it has been experimenting with local school councils as a means of partial devolution of authority. These councils, established in 1989, have authority in severalareas, including the ability to approve budgets and curriculum. In addition, Chicago has many private schools, including larg...

• Kirchengeschichte - Religion.

  Die Araber bereiteten nicht nur dem Königreich von Toledo ein Ende, sie schwächten auch das christliche Byzantinische Reich, das den Aufstieg der Karolinger zuSchutzherren des Papstes anerkennen musste. Dieser Aufstieg fand symbolträchtigen Ausdruck in der Krönung Karls des Großen zum Kaiser („Cäsar”) am 25. Dezember800 durch Papst Leo III. in der Peterskirche in Rom. Die Missionierung Europas wurde vom karolingischen Großreich und dann von der ihm folgenden deutschenReichskirche fortgesetzt. De...

• Nuclear Weapons.

  Regardless of the method used to attain a supercritical assembly, the chain reaction proceeds for about a millionth of a second, liberating vast amounts of heat energy.The extremely fast release of a very large amount of energy in a relatively small volume causes the temperature to rise to tens of millions of degrees. The resultingrapid expansion and vaporization of the bomb material causes a powerful explosion. VI PRODUCTION OF FISSILE MATERIAL Much experimentation was necessary to make the p...

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• Public Education in the United States.

  opportunities for them to break out from whatever social or economic circumstances constrained their development. IV HIGHER EDUCATION During the 20th century participation in higher or postsecondary education in the United States increased as dramatically as it did in American high schools. At thebeginning of the century about 2 percent of Americans from the ages of 18 to 24 were enrolled in a college. There were fewer than 1,000 colleges then, with enrollmenttotaling about 157,000 students. N...

• Seattle - geography.

  Mountains. The area includes the suburban cities of Bellevue, Kirkland, Redmond, Renton, and Issaquah. The Eastside has become home to dozens of high-technologyindustries including Microsoft Corporation, ATL Ultrasound, Nintendo of America, divisions of The Boeing Company, and many other firms. In the 1960s commutersheaded to Seattle jobs from homes on the Eastside. Today, the “reverse commute” from Seattle homes to jobs on the Eastside is just as heavy, and both streams oftraffic cross the same...

• Qing Dynasty - History.

  The Manchus also dealt with the problem of Russian expansion into northeastern Asia. In 1689 the Treaty of Nerchinsk was signed by an envoy from the Manchu courtand a Russian representing Peter the Great. The treaty, the first between China and a Western country, established territorial boundaries and defined rules ofcommerce for the two powers. Through the mid-18th century, the Manchus continued to consolidate their power. In 1720 the Qing ruler sent forces to fight the Mongols in Tibet and the...

• British Columbia - Geography.

  hemlock, Douglas fir, Sitka spruce, and various cedars, grows rapidly in the mild, wet climate and produces the largest trees in Canada. In the dry lowlands of thesouthern and central interior, ponderosa and lodgepole pines, aspen, and bunchgrass are characteristic. Spruce dominates the Prince George region. Prairie grasses andstands of aspen are found in the northeastern corner of the province. At elevations higher than about 1,800 m (about 6,000 ft), an alpine vegetation of shrubs, mosses,and...

• British Columbia - Canadian History.

  hemlock, Douglas fir, Sitka spruce, and various cedars, grows rapidly in the mild, wet climate and produces the largest trees in Canada. In the dry lowlands of thesouthern and central interior, ponderosa and lodgepole pines, aspen, and bunchgrass are characteristic. Spruce dominates the Prince George region. Prairie grasses andstands of aspen are found in the northeastern corner of the province. At elevations higher than about 1,800 m (about 6,000 ft), an alpine vegetation of shrubs, mosses,and...

• Russian Revolutions of 1917 (Histoire) .

  as Marxists. They believed that the working class—with its struggles to organize trade unions and to bring about political reforms of benefit to the majority ofpeople—would become the primary force for revolutionary change. The Russian Marxists formed the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party (RSDLP) in 1898. By 1903,however, the RSDLP had split into two factions. The faction called the Bolsheviks (from the Russian word for “majority”), led by Vladimir Ilich Lenin, favored a more centralized a...

• Spain - country.

  B Natural Resources Spain has a number of mineral resources. The largest known deposits are of iron ore, zinc, and lead. Spain also produces significant quantities of copper and mercury.These deposits are mined mainly in Huelva province in southwestern Spain, around Cartagena on the Mediterranean, and at various points along the Bay of Biscay inthe north. Additionally, uranium is mined in the region of Extremadura, near the Portuguese frontier, where pyrites, fluorspar, gypsum, tungsten, and po...

• Boston - geography.

  The neighborhoods of Allston and Brighton occupy the northwest corner of the city to the west of Fenway. The Allston-Brighton area is bordered to the east, north, andwest by the Charles River and to the south by the Massachusetts Turnpike and the town of Brookline. It is an industrial and residential neighborhood that is also thelocation of Boston College and Harvard University Business School. Boston has been unsuccessful in annexing Brookline, the birthplace of U.S. president John F.Kennedy an...

• Mars (planet) - astronomy.

  The Martian core is probably much like Earth’s, consisting mostly of iron, with a small amount of nickel. If other light elements, particularly sulfur, exist there as well, thecore may be larger than presently thought. From studying Earth’s magnetic field and core, scientists theorize that the motions of the liquid rock in Earth’s core generateits magnetic field. Mars does not have a significant magnetic field, so scientists believe that Mars’s core is probably solid. However, spacecraft data in...

• United States History - U.

  and improved upon the designs of Arab sailing ships and learned to mount cannons on those ships. In the 15th century they began exploring the west coast ofAfrica—bypassing Arab merchants to trade directly for African gold and slaves. They also colonized the Madeira Islands, the Azores, and the Cape Verde Islands andturned them into the first European slave plantations. The European explorers were all looking for an ocean route to Asia. Christopher Columbus sailed for the monarchs of Spain in 149...

• United States History - U.

  and improved upon the designs of Arab sailing ships and learned to mount cannons on those ships. In the 15th century they began exploring the west coast ofAfrica—bypassing Arab merchants to trade directly for African gold and slaves. They also colonized the Madeira Islands, the Azores, and the Cape Verde Islands andturned them into the first European slave plantations. The European explorers were all looking for an ocean route to Asia. Christopher Columbus sailed for the monarchs of Spain in 149...

• Egypt - country.

  Egypt has a wide variety of mineral deposits, some of which, such as gold and red granite, have been exploited since ancient times. The chief mineral resource ofcontemporary value is petroleum, found mainly in the Red Sea coastal region, at Al ‘Alamayn (El ‘Alamein) on the Mediterranean, and on the Sinai Peninsula. Otherminerals include phosphates, manganese, iron ore, and uranium. Natural gas is also extracted. D Plants and Animals The vegetation of Egypt is confined largely to the Nile Delta,...

• Federal Republic of Germany - country.

  B Rivers and Lakes Rivers have played a major role in Germany’s economic development. The Rhine River flows in a northwesterly direction from Switzerland through much of westernGermany and The Netherlands into the North Sea. It is a major European waterway and a pillar of commerce and trade. Its primary German tributaries include theMain, Mosel, Neckar, and Ruhr rivers. The Oder (Odra) River, along the border between Poland and Germany, runs northward and empties into the Baltic; it provides an...

• United Kingdom - country.

  B Natural Regions and Topography The island of Great Britain can be divided into two major natural regions—the highland zone and the lowland zone. The highland zone is an area of high hills andmountains in the north and west. The lowland zone in the south and east consists mostly of rolling plains. The zones are divided by an imaginary line running throughEngland from the River Exe on the southwest coast to the mouth of the River Tees on the northeast coast. The lowland zone has a milder climat...

• Asie. 1 PRÉSENTATION Asie, continent du monde, regroupant 46 pays répartis sur six

  On pourrait comparer le cœur du massif montagneux de l’Asie à une gigantesque roue, dont les rayons sont formés par de grands cours d’eau qui s’écoulent dans toutes lesdirections. Sept d’entre eux figurent parmi les douze plus longs fleuves du monde. Prenant naissance au nord et au nord-est du massif, la Lena, l’Ienisseï et l’Ob se jettentdans l’océan Arctique. Ils ont auparavant traversé de larges plaines alluviales. Vers l’ouest, des rivières comme l’Ili, le Syr-Daria et l’Amou-Daria dévalent...