1761 résultats pour "complête"

• réseaux informatiques - informatique.

  d’accès : techniques statiques où chaque station bénéficie en permanence d’une partie des ressources ou techniques dynamiques où la bande passante du support est allouée en fonction de l’occupation du réseau ; accès aléatoire, à l’image du protocole CSMA/CD ou accès déterministe comme suivant les méthodes à jeton. Ces différentes techniques permettent d’éviter ou de contrôler les conflits entre stations qui tentent d’émettre en même temps, assurant ainsi le bon fonctionnement du réseau. 4. 3 Déb...

• Intro du droit

  A la différence du pharaon en Egypte, le roi n’est pas exceptionnellement divinisé. Il n’est pas un dieu mais juste un représentant . Le choix du roi est cependant inspiré par les dieux. Il reçoit des dieux le trône, le sceptre, la couronne. A partir de là, la législation est réputée avoir une origine divine . La Mésopotamie a fourni un nombre considérable de documents ; en effet, 400 mille documents juridiques sont conservés à l’heure actuelle dans les musées, et ce sur une périod...

• Chemistry - chemistry.

  parts of oxygen by weight, which is a ratio of about 1 to 8, regardless of whether the water came from the Mississippi River or the ice of Antarctica. In other words, acompound has a definite, invariable composition, always containing the same elements in the same proportions by weight; this is the law of definite proportions. Many elements combine in more than one ratio, giving different compounds. In addition to forming water, hydrogen and oxygen also form hydrogen peroxide.Hydrogen peroxide h...

• Mars - astronomie.

  par les Américains en vue de leur retour sur Terre. La capture sur orbite martienne sera d’une extrême complexité car les deux conteneurs, d’une taille inférieure à celled’un ballon de basket, se trouveront sur des orbites aux coordonnées incertaines. D’autres missions identiques sont envisagées par la NASA jusqu’en 2013. Quant au CNES, compte tenu de la puissance disponible sur Ariane 5, il propose d’ajouter un petitmodule de 200 kg à quelques missions commerciales du lanceur. Ces modules prend...

• LA MORTE

  sombres.Et j'attendis, cramponné au tronc comme un naufragé sur une épave.Quand la nuit fut noire, très noire, je quittai mon refuge et me mis à marcher doucement, à pas lents, à pas sourds,sur cette terre pleine de morts.J'errai longtemps, longtemps, longtemps. Je ne la retrouvais pas. Les bras étendus, les yeux ouverts, heurtant destombes avec mes mains, avec mes pieds, avec mes genoux, avec ma poitrine, avec ma tête elle-même, j'allais sansla trouver. Je touchais, je palpais comme un aveugle...

• Fig. 22 Généalogie sommaire de la IVe dynastie, générations 4-6 :

  Libyens, surlaréalité delaquelle desdoutes sontpermis. Ilsemblerait quel'essentiel desrelations qu'ila entretenues aveclespays étrangers aienteu,comme souslerègne d'Ouserkaf, unebase économique, qu'il s'agisse del'exploitation desmines duSinaï, descarrières dediorite qu'ilreprend àl'ouest d'Assouan oud'une expédition aupays dePount queluiattribue laPierre dePalerme etdont onretrouve peut-être tracesurles reliefs deson temple funéraire.Les Égyptiens localisaient Pountdansle«Pays dudieu »— un nom...

• Gm

• BALZAC Honoré de : sa vie et son oeuvre

  d'un homme toujours attentif à la densité et au jaillisse­ ment du réel. De fait, deux formes d'imagination se dis­ tinguent chez Balzac. L'une échafaude théories trompeu­ ses et entreprises plus ou moins chimériques (fondation d'ép hémères revues parisiennes, exploitation d'une mine argentifère en Sicile, culture des ananas à Ville­ d' Avray); l'autre, féconde et active, perce les secrets et donne vie à l'œuvre d'art. De cette lutte avec l'imagina­ ti...

• Les paradis fiscaux

  nettoyer l'argent au sens propre du terme. Plus tard, dans les années 1920, une nouvelle génération de paradisfiscaux apparaît: des zones comme les Bahamas, la Suisse ou le Luxembourg commencent à développer deslégislations permettant notamment aux étrangers de venir déposer leurs capitaux pour échapper à l'impôt. Beaucoup de ces territoires, après la seconde guerre mondiale, appartiennent aux «oubliés du Plan Marshall». Pourfinancer leur développement, certains se spécialisent dans le...

• Great Lakes - Geography.

  of 1972 and 1978, have focused on water-quality problems in the Great Lakes. The International Joint Commission on the Great Lakes, established under the BoundaryWaters Treaty, implements and oversees these agreements and has limited authority to regulate obstructions or diversions of boundary waters that would affect thenatural level or flow of lake waters. B Exotic Species The fish populations of the lakes have changed dramatically in the 20th century; changes were wrought at first by overfis...

• VIGNY Alfred Victor, comte de : sa vie et son oeuvre

  cela me rendait sombre et pensif ». Les résultats scolaires traduisent les désarrois et les incertitudes du jeune gar­ çon. Excellent élève, il néglige rapidement son travail, puis quitte la pension à treize ans pour passer sous la direction très libre d'un précepteur, J'abbé Gaillard, qui, tout en respectant ses goûts, l'encourage à lire énormé­ ment, lui fait traduire Homère en anglais et lui communi­ que sa passion pour les mathématiques. De cette ép...

• MALRAUX André : sa vie et son oeuvre

  dans le logement surplombant l'épicerie familiale de Bondy. Il fréq uente le collège, puis, à dix-sept ans, décide de prendre en main sa propre éducation. Pas­ sionné d'art, élève au musée Guimet et à l'école du Louvre, ce lecteur insatiable apprend le sanskrit. Il gagne sa vie dans le commerce des livres d'occasion, et cette activité l'introduit auprès d'intellectuels chevronnés (Gide, Max Jacob, Reverdy) qui l'encouragent à écrire : la revue...

• mathématiques - mathématiques.

  autres problèmes mathématiques célèbres apparaissent au cours de ce siècle : diviser un angle en trois angles égaux et construire un cube dont le volume est le double d’un cube donné. Ces trois problèmes seront résolus à l’aide d’instruments beaucoup plus complexes qu’une règle et un compas. Ce n’est qu’au XIX e siècle que l’on démontrera qu’il est impossible de les résoudre au moyen de ces deux instruments. Dans la seconde moitié du Ve siècle av. J.-C., une découverte dérangeante est faite :...

• fusée - astronomie.

  chambre de combustion au moyen de pompes, forme spéciale des tuyères, stabilisation par gyroscopes, etc.). Consacré en Union soviétique par son élection à l’Académiedes Sciences de l’URSS en 1919, Tsiolkovski est aujourd’hui considéré comme l’un des pères fondateurs de l’astronautique. Pendant la Première Guerre mondiale, les fusées furent surtout utilisées pour générer des signaux, mais on les tira aussi (aéroportées par des avions français) sur desballons d’observation gonflés à l’hydrogène. L...

• vin - agriculture et agroalimentaire.

  avec de l’eau-de-vie de marc. Le vin doux naturel (VDN) est obtenu par mutage, c’est-à-dire un vinage en cours de fermentation du moût pour la stopper, laissant ainsi unequantité plus ou moins importante de sucre non fermenté qui caractérise des vins plus ou moins doux comme les vins doux naturels du Languedoc-Roussillon, le porto, etc.Le vinage, après fermentation complète, est pratiqué sur des vins d’élaboration complexe comme le xérès ou le madère. 3.2 Traitements particuliers La qualité du...

• Cours de droit Constitutionnel

• Dialectique de la nature

• Anatomía - ciencias de la naturaleza.

  Sistema nervioso autónomo o vegetativoEl sistema nervioso autónomo dirige las actividades corporales sobre las que el individuo no tiene un control consciente, como larespiración o la digestión. Consta de dos partes: el sistema simpático y el parasimpático.© Microsoft Corporation. Reservados todos los derechos. El sistema nervioso se divide en somático, que efectúa el control voluntario sobre los músculos esqueléticos, y autónomo, que es involuntario y controla el músculo liso, elmúsculo cardiac...

• Qur'an.

  man who profoundly influenced the history of the world. See Spread of Islam. Muhammad’s home, the Arab city of Mecca, was a major religious center and site of the revered sanctuary and shrine, the Kaaba. According to legend, the ancientreligious patriarch of the Hebrew Bible, Abraham, and his son, Ishmael, built the shrine using foundations laid by the first human being and father of humankind, Adam.During Muhammad’s years there, from about AD 570 to 622, Mecca was also an environment of spir...

• Immune System.

  The humoral immune response involves a complex series of events after antigens enter the body. First, macrophages take up some of the antigen and attach it to classII MHC molecules, which then present the antigen to T helper cells. The T helper cells bind the presented antigen, which stimulates the T helper cells to divide andsecrete stimulatory molecules called interleukins. The interleukins in turn activate any B lymphocytes that have also bound the antigen. The activated B cells then divide...

• Statistics I INTRODUCTION Statistics, branch of mathematics that deals with the collection, organization, and analysis of numerical data and with such problems as experiment design and decision making.

  Professional pollsters typically conduct their surveys among sample populations of 1,000 people. Statistical measurementsshow that reductions in the margin of error flatten out considerably after the sample size reaches 1,000.© Microsoft Corporation. All Rights Reserved. The raw materials of statistics are sets of numbers obtained from enumerations or measurements. In collecting statistical data, adequate precautions must be taken tosecure complete and accurate information. The first problem of...

• nommer

• East Timor - country.

  members are designated by the Superior Council for the Judiciary. This council is the organ of management and discipline of judges and is responsible for judiciaryappointments, transfers, and promotions. VI HISTORY Timor was a destination on ancient Chinese trade routes and was particularly known for its sandalwood. The Portuguese began colonizing Timor in the early 16thcentury as European trade and influence expanded in the region. They exploited Timor for its forest products and spices, and...

• John Macdonald.

  dissolution of the existing Union. The Atlantic colonies, which consisted of Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island, New Brunswick, and Newfoundland, were considering the question of their own union andplanned to meet at Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, on September 1, 1864. Macdonald saw his opportunity and secured an invitation for the Canadians to attend.The delegates of the Atlantic colonies put off their own discussion until they had heard the Canadians. Macdonald spoke of the advantages in...

• John Macdonald - Canadian History.

  dissolution of the existing Union. The Atlantic colonies, which consisted of Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island, New Brunswick, and Newfoundland, were considering the question of their own union andplanned to meet at Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, on September 1, 1864. Macdonald saw his opportunity and secured an invitation for the Canadians to attend.The delegates of the Atlantic colonies put off their own discussion until they had heard the Canadians. Macdonald spoke of the advantages in...

• John Macdonald - Canadian History.

  dissolution of the existing Union. The Atlantic colonies, which consisted of Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island, New Brunswick, and Newfoundland, were considering the question of their own union andplanned to meet at Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, on September 1, 1864. Macdonald saw his opportunity and secured an invitation for the Canadians to attend.The delegates of the Atlantic colonies put off their own discussion until they had heard the Canadians. Macdonald spoke of the advantages in...

• Confucian philosophy, Korean

  neglected by more traditional Confucianism. Read with new eyes, an entirely new level of meaning was uncovered in the ancient texts: they discovered a Confucian foundation for the meditative cultivation of consciousness that had been a particular strength of the Buddhists, and to frame it and provide an account of sagehood equal to Buddhist talk of enlightenment, they found a complete metaphysical system, a Confucian version of the kind of thinking that had been elaborated mainly under Daoist au...

• Diving (underwater).

  compensator (or control) device (BCD or BC), which the diver wears as a vest. By adding air to the BCD, the diver becomes more buoyant and rises. By releasing air,the diver becomes less buoyant and sinks. With minor adjustments of air, the diver can achieve neutral buoyancy. A third hose attaches to pressure gauges that diversuse to monitor how much air remains in the tank. A fourth hose attaches to a backup breathing device called an alternate air source, or octopus. Divers also wear a belt w...

• Reconstruction (U.

  Instead, Congress began a lengthy debate over Reconstruction policy. The program eventually enacted resulted from a series of compromises among Republicanfactions; the Radicals were never powerful enough to gain everything they sought. Still, fueled by anger at the president's refusal to compromise and at the appearanceof former Confederates returning to power throughout the South, members of Congress moved increasingly toward the Radicals. The key Reconstruction measuresenacted aimed to produce...

• Vladimir Lenin I INTRODUCTION Vladimir Lenin (1870-1924), Russian revolutionary leader and theorist, who presided over the first government of Soviet Russia and then that of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR).

  with Japan ( see Russo-Japanese War). A string of military defeats and the strains placed on society by the war made for a tense atmosphere in Saint Petersburg, and by the beginning of 1905 various segments of Russian society, including students and liberal members of the nobility, were calling for political reform. When an unarmedcrowd of workers marched to the city’s Winter Palace on January 9 (or January 22, in the Western, or New Style, calendar) to submit a petition to Emperor Nicholas II,s...

• Vladimir Lenin.

  with Japan ( see Russo-Japanese War). A string of military defeats and the strains placed on society by the war made for a tense atmosphere in Saint Petersburg, and by the beginning of 1905 various segments of Russian society, including students and liberal members of the nobility, were calling for political reform. When an unarmedcrowd of workers marched to the city’s Winter Palace on January 9 (or January 22, in the Western, or New Style, calendar) to submit a petition to Emperor Nicholas II,s...

• Vladimir Lenin .

  with Japan ( see Russo-Japanese War). A string of military defeats and the strains placed on society by the war made for a tense atmosphere in Saint Petersburg, and by the beginning of 1905 various segments of Russian society, including students and liberal members of the nobility, were calling for political reform. When an unarmedcrowd of workers marched to the city’s Winter Palace on January 9 (or January 22, in the Western, or New Style, calendar) to submit a petition to Emperor Nicholas II,s...

• Kansas City (Missouri) - geography.

  Major institutions of higher education in Kansas City are a branch (established in 1929) of the University of Missouri, Avila College (1916), Rockhurst College (1910),DeVry Institute of Technology (Missouri) (1931), and the Kansas City Art Institute (1885). Schools in neighboring suburbs include Park University (1875), in Parkville,and William Jewell College (1849), in Liberty. Baptist, Nazarene, and Methodist theological schools are also located in the area. Midwest Research Institute, one of t...

• Stock Exchange.

  A Example of a Trade In an example of a trade, an investor wanting to buy 200 shares—also known as two round lots, of 100 shares each—of IBM stock will telephone or e-mail the order to abrokerage firm. This communication is normally made to an individual called a stockbroker. The investor might desire to buy the shares at the market, or current, price.On the other hand, the investor may choose to pay no more than a set amount per share. The brokerage firm then contacts one of its floor brokers...

• Slavery in the United States - U.

  tripled, from about 1.2 million to almost 4 million in 1860. The natural growth of the slave population meant that slavery could survive without new slave imports. Natural population growth also hastened the transition from an African to an African American slave population. By the 1770s, only about 20 percent of slaves in thecolonies were African-born, although the concentration of Africans remained higher in South Carolina and Georgia. After 1808 the proportion of African-born slavesbecame tin...

• Moon - astronomy.

  B Volcanic Features Maria, domes, rilles, and a few craters display indisputable characteristics of volcanic origin. Maria are plains of dark-colored rock that cover approximately 40 percent ofthe Moon's visible hemisphere. The maria formed when molten rock erupted onto the surface and solidified between 3.16 billion and 3.96 billion years ago. This rockresembles terrestrial basalt, a volcanic rock type widely distributed on Earth, but the rock that formed the maria has a higher iron content an...

• Tajikistan - country.

  by more than 100 percent due to a high birth rate and improvements in medical care. During the early 1990s, however, the growth rate began to decline due to civilwar and emigration. A Ethnic Groups and Languages Tajiks constitute the largest ethnic group in Tajikistan, making up about 65 percent of the population. The peoples who live in Gorno-Badakhshan, located in the Pamirs,are classified as Tajiks, although their languages and customs are distinct. The largest minority group in the country...

• Czech Republic - country.

  enforcement of environmental regulations. Environmental considerations have also led some government officials to promote nuclear energy as a key source of powerfor the country’s future. The Czech Republic produces most of its energy by burning domestic coal. Much of the coal burned is low quality with a high ash and sulfur content—a key componentof acid rain—producing high levels of air pollution. Forests in the Czech Republic are among the most seriously affected by acid rain in all of Europe....

• History of Astronomy - astronomy.

  Egypt, the Sun was directly overhead at noon. On the same date and time in Alexandria, Egypt, the Sun was about 7 degrees south of zenith. With simple geometryand knowledge of the distance between the two cities, he estimated the circumference of the Earth to be 250,000 stadia. (The stadium was a unit of length, derivedfrom the length of the racetrack in an ancient Greek stadium. We have an approximate idea of how big an ancient Greek stadium was, and based on that approximationEratosthenes was...

• Ant - biology.

  The workers of many ant species carry a stinger within the hind end of the gaster. These ants use the stinger to defend against their enemies. In some species, workerants lack a stinger but use the tip of their gaster to squirt or dab poison at other small animals and when fighting battles with other ants, fending off predators, or killinginsects or other animals that they use as food. III PHYSIOLOGY Ants have a rigid, external skeleton called an exoskeleton that gives the soft, inner body its...

• Madame bovary

• UNIVERSITE MONTESQUIEU - BORDEAUX IV ECOLE DOCTORALE DE DROIT (E.

• Molecule - chemistry.

  attracted to the negatively charged electrons between them. The electrons belong to the molecule as a whole. However, each hydrogen atom now has a complete outershell of two electrons. The formula H 2 describes a hydrogen molecule, a discrete unit. When a molecule contains just two atoms, such as the hydrogen molecule does, it is called a diatomic molecule. Some atoms can form covalent bonds with more than one other atom and thus create a larger molecule. Atoms form molecules with covalent bo...

• HOMME ORIGINE ET ÉVOLUTION DE L'HOMME GÉNÉRALITÉS L'humanité actuelle est très hétérogène en apparence, mais elle est plutôt homogène sur le plan strictement génétique.

  2 Il y a un million d’années, l’ Homo erectus avait déjà atteint les franges situées les plus à l’est du continent asiatique. Par la suite, en se déplaçant vers des latitudes plus septentrionales, il parvint à coloniser également une bonne partie des territoires de l’Europe méditerranéenne et continentale. Par suite de cette vaste diffusion, les populations humaines, dispersées géographiquement et souvent isolées, protégées par des micro-milieux déjà partiellement artificiels, se différencière...

• Television.

  A charge-coupled device (CCD) can be much smaller than a camera tube and is much more durable. As a result, cameras with CCDs are more compact and portablethan those using a camera tube. The image they create is less vulnerable to distortion and is therefore clearer. In a CCD, the light from a scene strikes an array ofphotodiodes arranged on a silicon chip. Photodiodes are devices that conduct electricity when they are struck by light; they send this electricity to tiny capacitors. Thecapacitors...

• Theater I INTRODUCTION The Art of Theater BBC Worldwide Americas, Inc.

  Theater at EpidaurusAncient Greek dramas were performed in open-air theaters like this one in Epidaurus, Greece, which was designed byPolyclitus the Younger in 350 bc. A festival of ancient Greek drama is still held in the summer in this 14,000-seat theater.Roger Wood/Corbis Fundamental to the theater experience is the act of seeing and being seen; in fact, the word theater comes from the Greek word theatron , meaning 'seeing place.' Throughout the history of world cultures, actors have used...

• Droit administratif

• Ramire.

• Culture.

  form of knowledge, such as scientific discoveries; objects, such as works of art; and traditions, such as the observance of holidays. C1 Ethnocentrism and Cultural Relativism Self-identity usually depends on culture to such a great extent that immersion in a very different culture—with which a person does not share common ways of life orbeliefs—can cause a feeling of confusion and disorientation. Anthropologists refer to this phenomenon as culture shock. In multicultural societies —societies s...

• Kazakhstan - country.

  mismanagement. Between 1949 and 1991 the Soviet government conducted about 70 percent of all of its nuclear testing in Kazakhstan, mostly in the northeastern area near the city ofSemipalatinsk (now Semey). Nearly 500 nuclear explosions occurred both above and below ground near Semipalatinsk, while more than 40 nuclear detonationsoccurred at other testing grounds in western Kazakhstan and in the Qyzylqum desert. More than 1 million of Kazakhstan’s inhabitants were exposed to dangerous levelsof ra...