340 résultats pour "germaniste"

• Cameroon - country.

  seminomadic herders of the north. Cattle, goats, and fowl are the most commonly raised animals. B Forestry and Fishing Timber is traditionally one of Cameroon’s most valuable exports, consisting mainly of mahogany, ebony, and teak. The timber cut in 2006 amounted to 11.4 million cu m(401 million cu ft). Most of the fish caught in Cameroon come from the country’s rivers and lakes and are consumed locally. However, deep-sea fishing activity isincreasing, especially from the port of Douala. Some 1...

• Religion.

  By the end of the 19th century, scholars were making religion an object of systematic inquiry. Müller’s comparative approach was adopted in many European andJapanese universities, and as a result the common features of world religions (such as gods, prayer, priesthood, and creation myths) were the subjects of sustainedscholarly investigation. In addition, field anthropologists had begun to compile firsthand accounts of the religions of peoples who previously had been dismissed assavages. The stu...

• American Literature: Drama I INTRODUCTION American Literature: Drama, literature intended for performance, written by Americans in the English language.

  American plays, while still a minority, began to appear in the theater repertory in the 19th century. Although American plays were still styled after British models, theirsubject matter came to be based on specifically American incidents or themes. In the United States as in Britain, many plays reflected the influence of romanticism , a European literary and artistic movement. Melodrama, with its outpourings of emotion, was the most prevalent dramatic form in the 19th century. Gothic melodramas...

• JANKELEVITCH, Vladimir (1903-1985) La Deuxième Guerre mondiale laisse dans la vie de ce philosophe des traces indélébiles : juif, germaniste et musicien, il appartient à une génération pour qui l'Allemagne était le pays le plus civilisé du monde.

• Lombards, peuple germanique venu, pense-t-on, de Scandinavie, et qui s'établit sur le cours inférieur de l'Elbe au début de l'ère chrétienne.

• Igor Stravinski par Ernest Ansermet Debussy avait marqué la possibilité d'un renouveau de la musique occidentale au-delà des sillons germaniques.

  par Ernest Ansermet

• Francs saliens Tribu franque d'origine germanique installée au IVe siècle en Toxandrie, région comprise entre la Meuse et l'Escaut.

• allemand - Langues et Linguistique.

  Magdeburg. Il n'existe pas de standard littéraire moderne unifié. À la suite de la colonisation des régions baltes par les chevaliers Teutoniques, le bas allemand s'est répandu dans les territoires situés à l'est de l'Elbe jusqu'au Brandebourg, au Mecklembourg et à la Poméranie, et même jusqu'à certaines parties de la Prusse. Le bas allemand a fourni de nombreux emprunts aux langues scandinaves, mais la langue a perdu de son rayonnement avec le déclin de la Ligue hanséatique. 5 HISTOIRE Jusqu'a...

• JANKELEVITCH, Vladimir (1903-1985) La Deuxième Guerre mondiale laisse dans la vie de ce philosophe des traces indélébiles : juif, germaniste et musicien, il appartient à une génération pour qui l'Allemagne était le pays le plus civilisé du monde.

• Luther's Ninety-Five Theses German theologian Martin Luther publicly condemned the practice of buying indulgences on October 31, 1517.

  28. It is certain that when the penny jingles into the money-box, gain and avarice can be increased, but the result of the intercession of the Church is in the power ofGod alone. 29. Who knows whether all the souls in purgatory wish to be bought out of it, as in the legend of Sts. Severinus and Paschal. 30. No one is sure that his own contrition is sincere; much less that he has attained full remission. 31. Rare as is the man that is truly penitent, so rare is also the man who truly buys indulge...

• Clovis Ier par Pierre Riché Professeur à l'Université de Paris Depuis le début du Ve siècle, l'Empire romain d'Occident lutte contre les envahisseurs germaniques : Vandales, Suèves, Burgondes, Goths, sans parler des Angles et des Saxons.

  par Pierre Riché Professeur à l'Université de Paris

• Schindler's List Schindler's List, motion picture about a German factory owner who saves a large number of Jewish people from death during the Holocaust, based on Thomas Keneally's book about Oskar Schindler.

• Galileo I INTRODUCTION Galileo (1564-1642), Italian physicist and astronomer who, with German astronomer Johannes Kepler, initiated the scientific revolution that flowered in the work of English physicist Sir Isaac Newton.

  V WORK IN ASTRONOMY During most of his time in Padua, Galileo showed little interest in astronomy, although in 1595 he declared in a letter that he preferred the Copernican theory that Earthrevolves around the Sun to the assumptions of Aristotle and Ptolemy that planets circle a fixed Earth ( see Astronomy: The Copernican Theory ; Ptolemaic System). A Observations with the Telescope In 1609 Galileo heard that a telescope had been invented in Holland. In August of that year he constructed a t...

• Définition: ARYEN, ARYENNE, adjectif.

  bouffon et sinistre invent? par l'Allemagne, qui malgr? tout a besoin des Juifs, de certains Juifs, Bergson a refus? cet honneur suspect. JULIEN GREEN, Journal, 1942, page 207. ? Emploi comme substantif neutre?: ? 4.... il s'agit de l'?ternelle lutte entre le s?mitisme et l'aryen. ? Le s?mitisme a dit dans le monde?: je crois, tandis que l'aryen dit?: je sais, et fonde la science. Le s?mitisme a toujours mis un obstacle ? la science. (...) ? MAURICE BARR?S, Mes cahiers, tome 2, 1898-190...

• La France au Moyen Age

  Multiplication des communes et fondation de villes neuves. • Vers 1100 : composition de la Chanson de Roland. • 1137-1180: Louis Vil. - Participe à la 2' croisodr (1147-1149). - Pour agrandir le royaume jusqu'aux Pyrénées, épouse Aliénor d'Aquitaine, mais la répudie car elle ne lui a pas donné de fils. - Elle se remarie (1152) avec Henri Plantagenêt, roi d'Angleterre, qui reçoit en dot un tiers du royaume de France (Aquitaine). - Début des luttes...

• parvenir à un tel résultat.

  IX LE VAINCU La chute deLouis Napoléon n'estduequ'en apparence auxévénements extérieurs. En fait, c'est del'intérieur quetoutestvenu. LaFrance apréparé elle-même sadéfaite. Paraveuglement etpar veulerie. Parcequ'elle s'estillusionnée sursacapacité àfaire front. Parce qu'elle arefusé deconsentir l'effort nécessaire àla défense deses intérêts. Elleentiendra pourresponsable unrégime dontlechef estpresque seul àavoir euconscience del'urgente nécessité desmesures àprendre maisqui,dufait même dela lib...

• L'Allemagne: géographie & histoire.

  Les corrélats Bavière Berlin Danube Elbe Erzgebirge Hambourg Harz Hunsrück Lüneburg Munich Oder rhénan (Massif schisteux) Rhin Thuringe Weser Les livres Sarre, page 4633, volume 9 Allemagne - paysage des Alpes bavaroises, page 146, volume 1 Allemagne - les landes de Lüneburg, en Basse-Saxe, page 147, volume 1 Allemagne - la Moselle à hauteur de Bremm, en Rhénanie-Palatinat, page 147, volume 1 Allemagne - la forêt de Thuringe, dans le Land du même nom, page 147, volume 1...

• L ' ALLEMAGNE : UNE NATION MORCELÉE Les vicissitudes historiques Les minorités germaniques. ■ La nation allemande n'avait pu s'exprimer...

  L ' ALLEMAGNE : UNE NATION MORCELÉE Les vicissitudes historiques Les minorités germaniques. ■ La nation allemande n'avait pu s'exprimer en un État que tardivement ( 1 87 1 ). Moins de trois quarts de siècle plus tard, la défaite de 1945 fait éclater le Ille Reich et la nation allemande se trouve à nouveau divisée. La période hitlérienne a été la dernière manifestation de la volonté de porter les frontières de l'État aux limites du domaine linguistique germanique (conception de Bis­ marck), du...

• Latvia - country.

  The population of Latvia is about 2,245,423 (2008 estimate), yielding an average population density of 35 persons per sq km (91 per sq mi). Latvia is highly urbanized.Some 66 percent of the population lives in urban areas, with nearly one-third of the total population residing in the capital, Rīga. Other important cities includeDaugavpils, an industrial center in the southeast, on the Daugava River; Liep āja, an important port on the Baltic Sea; Jelgava, an industrial center near Rîga; J ūrmala,...

• Joseph Stalin I INTRODUCTION Joseph Stalin (1879-1953), general secretary of the Communist Party

  V FOREIGN POLICIES Although Stalin’s policy in the mid-1930s was to support the Communist International (Comintern) in forming a popular front against the rise of fascism in Europe, hegave up the idea of collective security with the West and in August 1939 decided upon an alliance with Nazi Germany. The “Secret Protocols” of the German-SovietNonaggression Pact carved up Eastern Europe into German and Soviet spheres of influence; the Soviets allowed Germany to invade Poland in exchange for Hitle...

• Joseph Stalin.

  V FOREIGN POLICIES Although Stalin’s policy in the mid-1930s was to support the Communist International (Comintern) in forming a popular front against the rise of fascism in Europe, hegave up the idea of collective security with the West and in August 1939 decided upon an alliance with Nazi Germany. The “Secret Protocols” of the German-SovietNonaggression Pact carved up Eastern Europe into German and Soviet spheres of influence; the Soviets allowed Germany to invade Poland in exchange for Hitle...

• Joseph Stalin .

  V FOREIGN POLICIES Although Stalin’s policy in the mid-1930s was to support the Communist International (Comintern) in forming a popular front against the rise of fascism in Europe, hegave up the idea of collective security with the West and in August 1939 decided upon an alliance with Nazi Germany. The “Secret Protocols” of the German-SovietNonaggression Pact carved up Eastern Europe into German and Soviet spheres of influence; the Soviets allowed Germany to invade Poland in exchange for Hitle...

• Canadian Forces.

  As the Land Force Command component of the CF, the Canadian army is responsible for land combat and for physically protecting people and land-based resources. Itis the component of the CF most often called on to support international military operations and peacekeeping missions and to maintain order in times of civil unrest. A Organization The 20,900 personnel who comprise the army’s regular force are organized into four geographically based areas. Land Force Atlantic includes the provinces of...

• Switzerland - country.

  formation over higher elevations. The wind reverses direction about sundown and moves down the valley as a cool downdraft. The foehn, which occurs during the wintermonths, is a dry and relatively warm airflow that is drawn northward over the Alps. The foehn can quickly melt snow and ice, increasing the risk of mudslides andavalanches. D Natural Resources Waterpower is the chief natural resource of Switzerland. The principal source of water is runoff from the considerable annual precipitation th...

• Italy - country.

  C Natural Resources Italy is poor in natural resources. Much of the land is unsuitable for agriculture because of mountainous terrain or unfavorable climate. Italy, moreover, lacks substantialdeposits of basic natural resources such as coal, iron, and petroleum. Natural gas is the country’s most important mineral resource. Other deposits include feldspar andpumice. Many of Italy’s mineral deposits on the islands of Sicily and Sardinia had been heavily depleted by the early 1990s. Italy is rich...

• X-Ray Astronomy - astronomy.

  Some neutron stars have weaker magnetic fields that allow incoming material to settle onto the entire surface of the neutron star. Eventually, so much material buildsup that the surface layer becomes dense enough to set off a vast thermonuclear explosion, called an outburst. The explosion heats gas to produce X rays. Such aneutron star—called an X-ray burster—can increase its X-ray production by a million times during an outburst. The X-ray glow fades over time, and the binary systementers a lon...

• Henry VIII.

  that was completed by 1540. The crown then took possession of all their property, paying small pensions to the approximately 10,000 monks and nuns who weredeprived of their homes. In a reversal of roles, many towns were forced to assist the same people who had once provided charity to the less fortunate. To pay for hiscontinued wars, Henry sold the former monastic lands to nobles and gentry, who thereby gained an interest in the success of Henry’s reformation and becamedependent upon the king. T...

• Henry VIII .

  that was completed by 1540. The crown then took possession of all their property, paying small pensions to the approximately 10,000 monks and nuns who weredeprived of their homes. In a reversal of roles, many towns were forced to assist the same people who had once provided charity to the less fortunate. To pay for hiscontinued wars, Henry sold the former monastic lands to nobles and gentry, who thereby gained an interest in the success of Henry’s reformation and becamedependent upon the king. T...

• Belgium - country.

  European Union (EU) directives aimed at improving Belgium’s environmental conditions concern water treatment and water quality, both significant issues in such anindustrial center. Before these directives were issued, the Meuse River, a major source of drinking water, had become polluted from steel production wastes. Otherrivers were polluted with animal wastes and fertilizers. However, Belgium failed to meet EU targets set for the early 2000s for protecting its rivers from farm pollutionand for...

• Great Depression in the United States - U.

  prices would continue to rise and they could soon sell their stocks at a profit. The widespread belief that anyone could get rich led many less affluent Americans into the market as well. Investors bought millions of shares of stock “on margin,” arisky practice similar to buying products on credit. They paid only a small part of the price and borrowed the rest, gambling that they could sell the stock at a highenough price to repay the loan and make a profit. For a time this was true: In 1928 the...

• Le Saint Empire romain germanique A l'origine de la nation allemande (Travaux Personnels Encadrés – Histoire – TES/TL)

  lA LUTTE DU SACERDOCE ET DE L'EMPIRE (1002·1125) • Sous Henri Il {1002- 1024 ), premier empereur élu à Mayence avec l'agrément de plusieurs évêques, Conrad Il (1024-1039) et Henri Ill (1039-1056), l'État impérial et le Kirchenstaat- l'État de l'Église - font bon ménage. En 1046, Henri Ill, qui a imposé Clément Ill sur le trône de Rome, intervient pour la réforme de l'Église. du pape Grégoire VIl qui veut interdire l 'investiture laïque des évêques {1...

• European Union .

  safeguard the interests of the member states, a common assembly with advisory authority only, and a court of justice to settle disputes. D European Economic Community (EEC) In 1957 the participants in the ECSC signed two more treaties, known as the Treaties of Rome. These treaties created the European Atomic Energy Community(Euratom) for the development of peaceful uses of atomic energy and, most important, the European Economic Community (EEC, often referred to as the CommonMarket). The EEC tr...

• Johann Sebastian Bach.

  from his duties, and even tossed him into jail for “too obstinately requesting his dismissal.” But after several weeks the duke saw it was of no use and let him go. E Köthen: 1717-1723 Bach’s new employer, Leopold, loved and understood music and could play the violin, viola da gamba, and harpsichord as well as sing bass. The prince held Bach in highregard and stood as godfather for his seventh child. Bach, in turn, named the child Leopold August in his employer’s honor. Bach later said that the...

• L'EUROPE FÉODALE

  L'Europe féodale l'administration, recrutent des soldats. Pour récompenser leurs meilleurs guerriers et leurs fidèles, ils leur concèdent généralement une terre avec les hommes et les revenus (récoltes, rede­ vances) qui s'y rattachent, pour leur permettre de vivre et d'entretenir chevaux et armement. D'abord appelé bénéfice, ce bien concédé est le fief (du latin feodum), fondement de la société féodale qui se développe à partir du x• siècle. Celui qui acc...

• Frédéric.

  Italie - Histoire - Les communes et la lutte entre les papes et les empereurs Naples Otton - Otton IV de Brunswick Sacerdoce et de l'Empire (lutte du) Sicile Les livres Lumières (philosophie des) - Voltaire en visite au palais de Potsdam, auprès de Frédéric II, roi de Prusse, page 2939, volume 6 Frédéric III de Styrie. 1415-1493, né à Innsbruck, duc d'Autriche, empereur germanique à partir de 1440. Malgré des revers face à Mathias Corvin, roi de Hongrie, et Charles le Téméraire, il con...

• Otton Ier le Grand

  voulait la dépouiller. Otton manda les ducs de Bavière et de Souabe à son secours. Mais il craignait la naissance d'une puissance nou­ velle et dirigea lui-même le combat. Il épousa Adélaïde et fut couronné roi de Lombardie. Dix ans plus tard, Bérenger devint à nouveau menaçant. A la demande du pape Jean XII, Otton marcha vers Rome, où il fut couronné empereur le 2 février 962. Otton et le pape signèrent le Privilegium Ottonianum qui con­ s...

• Estonia - country.

  protest the expansion of open-pit phosphorite mining in northeastern Estonia. Their success in stopping the expansion prompted further demonstrations as part of thecountry’s independence movement. Since independence Estonia has taken measures to protect the environment. The government has ratified international agreementsto reduce emissions of hazardous wastes and greenhouse gases, as well as to protect biodiversity, wetlands, and endangered species. Estonians cherish thecountryside, and 31 perc...

• Winter Olympics Medal Standings.

  Norway NOR 4 3 3 10 Sweden SWE 4 3 3 10 Switzerland SUI 3 4 3 10 United States of America USA 3 4 2 9 France FRA 2 1 2 5 Canada CAN 2 0 1 3 Austria AUT 1 3 4 8 Finland FIN 1 3 2 6 Belgium BEL 1 1 0 2 Italy ITA 1 0 0 1 Hungary HUN 0 1 0 1 Czechoslovakia TCH 0 1 0 1 Great Britain GBR 0 0 2 2 Source: International Olympic Committee (IOC).. Oslo, 1952.Participant Abbreviation Gold Silver Bronze Total Norway NOR 7 3 6 16 United States of America USA 4 6 1 11 Finland FIN 3 4 2 9 Austria AUT...

• History of Chemistry - chemistry.

  even better distillation apparatus than the Arabs had made and to condense the more volatile products of distillation. Among the important products obtained in thisway were alcohol and the mineral acids: nitric, aqua regia (a mixture of nitric and hydrochloric), sulfuric, and hydrochloric. Many new reactions could be carried outusing these powerful reagents. Word of the Chinese discovery of nitrates and the manufacture of gunpowder also came to the West through the Arabs. The Chinese atfirst use...

• Le Saint Empire romain germanique À l'origine de la nation allemande

  LA LUTTE DU SACEIDDCE n Dl L'Ell"ll (IWJ-1125) •Sous Henri Il (1002-1024), premier empereur élu à Mayence avec l'agrément de plusieurs évêques, Conrad Il (1024-1039) et Henri Ill (1039-1056), l'État impérial et le Kirchenstaat -l'État de l'Église - font bon ménage. En 1046, Henri Ill, qui a imposé Clément Ill sur le trône de Rome, intervient pour la réforme de l'Église. •De nature autoritaire, - Henri W (1056- l 106) provoque la rébellion des grands...

• Le Moyen-Âge LA NAISSANCE DE LA FRANCE : UN ÉTAT ROYAL, UNE CAPITALE, UNE LANGUE I.

  Le Moyen-Âge 2. Les conquêtes de Charlemagne Pépin meurt en 768 et son fils Charlemagne (Charles le Grand en latin) lui succède. Il désire étendre la puissance des Francs et faire triompher partout le christianisme. En Italie, Charlemagne écrase les Lombards qui menaçaient les Etats de l’Eglise et s’ empare de la Lombardie. En Germanie, il conquiert la Saxe païenne et la Bavière où il entreprend de c hristianiser les populations. En Espagne, il se bat contre...

• Modern Dance I INTRODUCTION Modern Dance, tradition of theatrical dance unique to the 20th century.

  Though both had their own interests and styles, their collaboration helped establish modern dance as a 20th-century artform. Shawn helped overcome prejudices against men in the new field of modern dance.E.O. Hoppé/Corbis Because a dance language involves elements such as posture, use of the body’s weight, and the character of movements (sinuous, angular, and so forth)—as well asspecific movements of the head, torso, hands, arms, legs, and feet—most creators of modern dance have considered it ess...

• Race - biology.

  distributed as a cline, generally varying along a north-south line. Skin color is lightest in northern Europeans, especially in those who live around the Baltic Sea, andbecomes gradually darker as one moves toward southern Europe, the Mediterranean, the Middle East, and into northern Africa and northern subtropical Africa. Skin isdarkest in people who live in the tropical regions of Africa. The lack of clear-cut discontinuities makes any racial boundary based on skin color totally arbitrary. Sim...

• Histoire de La Belgique De Jules César à l'Union européenne

  oppose une politique absolutiste et résolument catholique. La répression des protestants entraîne la skl!ssion th 111 Ztlllndl! et de la Hollande, en 1572. Les provinces catholiques (Artois, Hainaut et Randre wallonne) ayant formé l'union d'Arras, les provinces protestantes du Nord (dont la Hollande et la Zélande) concluent en janvier 1579l'union d'Utrech� acte de naissance des Provinces-Unies. Les provinces catholiques du Sud prennent alors le nom...

• européens de ce qui est aujourd'hui la Turquie, le même phénomène survient avec les Goths - un peuple descendu de Scandinavie qui s'est fixé sur les rives de la mer Noire.

  brûlent etpillent sansquepersonne nepuisse lesarrêter. Enaoût 378,derrière leurchef Fritigern, nonloindela ville d’Andrinople (aujourd’huiEdirne,enTurquie), lesBarbares infligentauximmenses arméesromaines unedes plus graves défaites deleur histoire. L’empereur lui-même,Valens,esttué dans labataille : lesfils des Césars sentent lemonde sedérober sousleurs pieds. Le 31 décembre 406,lemême mécanisme historiquesereproduit surleRhin : encore poussées parlesHuns, d’immenses cohortesd’Alains,deVandales...

• Liechtenstein - country.

  principal crops are corn, potatoes, barley, wheat, and vegetables. Grapes are grown for wine production. Cattle and sheep are raised for meat and dairy products. B Manufacturing Liechtenstein has few raw materials and must import more than 90 percent of its energy sources. Consequently, Liechtenstein has no heavy industry. Instead, theprincipality has developed a number of efficient, small-scale industries that manufacture specialized goods such as false teeth and dental supplies, pharmaceutica...

• État récent, partie de l'héritage bourguignon, la Belgique, sans unité géographique, sans vrai relief, sans frontières naturelles, a dû forger son unité nationale.

  À l'ouest de l'Escaut et de la Lys, la plaine, à l'aspect bocager, de la Flandre intérieure, avec quelques buttes sableuses (mont Kemmel, 156 m), se continue par la Flandre maritime, dénudée, située parfois au-dessous du niveau de la mer et que protège un cordon de dunes. Dès le Moyen Âge, cette région fut conquise par les hommes, qui endiguèrent les rivières et établirent des stations et des canaux (wateringues ) pour assurer l'écoulement des eaux : eaux de pluie, d'i...

• New York (city) - geography.

  The Bronx is the fourth largest and the northernmost of the five boroughs, and the only one on the American mainland. Even so, it is surrounded by water on threesides: Long Island Sound on the east, the Harlem and East rivers on the south, and Hudson River on the west. Encompassing 109 sq km (42 sq mi), it had 1,332,650inhabitants in 2000. Largely residential, the Bronx includes dozens of vibrant neighborhoods. Fieldston is particularly elegant, with great stone houses set among spacious lawns a...

• Famille et pouvoir dans les royaumes de France, de Germanie et de Bourgogne aux Xe et XIe siècles (888 – vers 1110) - HISTOIRE

  tiendra à ce sens premier.- Le pouvoir renvoie aux rapports de domination qui existe sur les territoires, les hommes et les institutions. Toutesles formes et tous les acteurs du pouvoir doivent être pris en compte : le pouvoir royal, le pourvoir des aristocrateslaïcs (princes, comtes mais aussi seigneurs châtelains), mais aussi celui du pape et des évêques ou encore desmonastères et des abbés. Certain ont parlé de potestas et d'auctoritas. Analyse de la formulation de l'énoncé et du « et » [à...

• ÉVOLUTION DU FRANÇAIS ET SON EXPANSION DANS LE MONDE

  Hors de France (en Europe) Jusqu'au Ve siècle, le latin est parlé dans un vaste ensemble de territoires dont la Gaule n'estqu'une petite partie. Cette «Romania» recule sous l'effet de diverses invasions, notammentgermaniques, qui vont entraîner la chute de l'empire romain. On peut constater que les régionsqui sont restées à cette époque dan sla «Romania» sont encore francophones, ou du moin présententdes traces de francophonie. Il en est ainsi pour ce qui concerne la Belgique actuelle. On ap...