1321 résultats pour "control"

• Feudalism I INTRODUCTION Feudalism, contractual system of political and military relationships existing among members of the nobility in Western Europe during the High Middle Ages.

  lord”; thus, it was not rebellion for a subvassal to fight against his lord’s lord. In England, however, William the Conqueror and his successors required their vassals’vassals to take oaths of fealty to them. B Duties of a Vassal Military service in the field was basic to feudalism, but it was far from all that the vassal owed to his lord. When the lord had a castle, he might require his vassals togarrison it, a service called castle-guard. The lord also expected his vassals to attend his cour...

• Gardening - biology.

  of synthetic and organic fertilizers, see Organic Farming.) Fertilizers usually are sold in packages, on which the percentage by weight of the macronutrients nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) are listed on thelabel—always in the order N-P-K. For example, a fertilizer that is labeled 10-5-3 is 10 percent nitrogen, 5 percent phosphorus, and 3 percent potassium. V PLANTING AND TRANSPLANTING Before planting seeds, gardeners prepare, or till, the soil using a variety of methods. Some...

• Place et rôle du conseil constitutionnel dans les Institutions de la Ve République

  Largement ouvertes aux électeurs, les saisines du Conseil en matière électorale ont vu leur nombre considérablement augmenter à la suite du vote de la législationorganisant et contrôlant le financement des dépenses électorales dont le Conseil est juge pour les candidats aux élections législatives et présidentielles (en appel).• Mission consultative − Rend des avis pour constater certaines situations Le Conseil constitutionnel émet un avis lorsqu'il est consulté officiellement par le Chef...

• FICHE DE LECTURE: TACTIQUE THEORIQUE, MICHEL YAKOVLEFF

  Le chef doit savoir quand il a atteint les objectifs raisonnables dans son offensive, tout en étant attentif au changement de posture ennemie (préparation de la contreattaque): Il doit alors se préparer à défendre le terrain conquis précédemment.La défensive est le style préféré de nos décideurs car il permet de « voir venir » l'adversaire dans le premier temps de la bataille sans prendre de risque (le doute duchef). D'après Clausewitz, la défensive est le procédé qui à la supériorité initiale (...

• Sujet : Pourquoi transgresse-t-on les normes ?

  Aujourd'hui, l'homme a acquis une sorte de dignité qui le met au-dessus et de lui-même et de la société. Il est empreint de religiosité ; l'homme est devenu un dieu pour les hommes. C'est pourquoi tout attentat dirigé contre lui nous fait l'effet d'un sacrilège. Or le suicide est l'un de ces attentats. Peu importe de quelles mains vient le coup ; il nous scandalise par cela seul qu'il viole ce caractère sacré qui est en nous, et que nous devons respecter chez nous comme chez autrui. Dans ce...

• monopole & économie.

  L'histoire économique compte de nombreux exemples de tentatives de producteurs cherchant à organiser une situation de monopole, ou s'engageant dans des pratiquesconduisant à un monopole de fait, tout en conservant l'apparence d'une situation concurrentielle. L'établissement d'un trust est l'un des premiers moyens choisis par lesproducteurs soucieux de se placer en situation de monopole tout en conservant, de manière factice, les attributs de la concurrence. Il s'agit d'une organisation selon laq...

• Anna Gavalda. Côntrol de lecture

  -Il se gratte le bouc en signe de déconfiture él se rasca la perilla en señal de derrota. -Eh ben... on n’est pas dans la merde, me dit ma sœur en nous resservant un verre. oh bueno…no estamos en la mierda, me dice mi hermana sirviéndome otra copa. Ambre Lisez la page http://www.site-magister.com/grouptxt4.htm avec attention et détaillez la caractérisation du personnage principal. Le protagoniste sujet du chapitre est un étoile du rock qu´il a 38 ans et il est très féminin: il...

• Control de lecture de Anna Gavalda

  3-      Le filet à bagage (portaequipajes). 4-      Le compartiment (el compartimento). 5-      Wagon- restaurant (vagón restaurante). 6-      Billet (billete). 7-      Voyagent en première classe (primera clase). 8-      Le train ou le RER (Los trenes ReR hacen la función de metro y de tren de cercanias). 9-      La gare de l'Est (La estación del Este). 10-  La gare de Corbeil (La estación de Corbeil). Catgut à Ferme 1-      Les bêtes (los animales). 2-      Faire de la rurale (veterinario de g...

• Diriger : finaliser, animer et contrôler

• Cours de marketing

  2 Introduction
  :
  La
  logique
  de
  la
  démarche
  Stratégique
  de
  marketing
    Toute  décision  s’analyse  selon  un  modèle  décisionne l  classique  comportant quatre phases essentielles.  Le  préalable  à  toute  décision  est  constitué   par  la   phase  d’analyse  ou  de  DIAGNOSTIC  De  la  situation  ou  du  Problème,  suivie  p ar  la  phase  de  décision  véritable, reposant sur  le choix d’objectifs ou de  critères.  Ensuite, il faut passer à l’action c’est- à-dire à  sa mise en œuvre effe...

• Colonialism and Colonies.

  by plundering the riches of existing civilizations in the Americas and by seizing the area’s mineral wealth through mining. These practices were promoted by the policy of mercantilism that many European colonial powers adopted. Those who advocated mercantilism believed that exports toforeign countries were preferable both to trade within a country and to imports because exports brought more money into the country. They also believed that thewealth of a nation depended primarily on the possession...

• Colonialism and Colonies .

  by plundering the riches of existing civilizations in the Americas and by seizing the area’s mineral wealth through mining. These practices were promoted by the policy of mercantilism that many European colonial powers adopted. Those who advocated mercantilism believed that exports toforeign countries were preferable both to trade within a country and to imports because exports brought more money into the country. They also believed that thewealth of a nation depended primarily on the possession...

• United States House of Representatives.

  Because of the high cost of elections and the short two-year term of office, members of the House campaign almost constantly. They spend much of their time raisingcampaign funds, and they frequently return to their districts to keep in touch with voters. Because the elections are so frequent, House members tend to pay closeattention to how their votes in Congress will be seen in the short term. House members tend to come from wealthier family backgrounds than average Americans. Few working class...

• Spanish Empire.

  Spain’s royal government quickly imposed its own officials, first to collect taxes and then to administer the colony. Its goal was to assert royal control over both settlersand indigenous peoples. In Spain the government established a House of Trade to supervise colonial affairs and to oversee, license, and tax all trade and commerce. Asthe royal government asserted more authority over colonial activities, Columbus lost effective power, and was eventually replaced by other colonial governors. Wi...

• Spanish Empire .

  Spain’s royal government quickly imposed its own officials, first to collect taxes and then to administer the colony. Its goal was to assert royal control over both settlersand indigenous peoples. In Spain the government established a House of Trade to supervise colonial affairs and to oversee, license, and tax all trade and commerce. Asthe royal government asserted more authority over colonial activities, Columbus lost effective power, and was eventually replaced by other colonial governors. Wi...

• Automobile.

  Electric motors have been used to power automobiles since the late 1800s. Electric power supplied by batteries runs the motor, which rotates a driveshaft, the shaftthat transmits engine power to the axles. Commercial electric car models for specialized purposes were available in the 1980s. General Motors Corporation introduced amass-production all-electric car in the mid-1990s. Automobiles that combine two or more types of engines are called hybrids. A typical hybrid is an electric motor with ba...

• chauffage, ventilation et climatisation.

  chauffage à la vapeur fut inventé vers 1850. 2.2. 1 Principe Les systèmes de chauffage central fournissent de la chaleur à partir d'une ou de plusieurs chaudières à un seul bâtiment ou à un groupe d'habitations. Le terme chauffage urbain s'applique aux systèmes dans lesquels un grand nombre d'immeubles sont alimentés en vapeur par une salle de chaudières centrale gérée par un service public. La chaleur est véhiculée par la vapeur d'eau, l'eau chaude ou l'air (fluides caloporteurs), par effet de...

• La légalisation du cannabis

  L'échec des politiques menées jusqu'à présent pour contenir le fléau des cartels de drogue pousse de plus en plus de pays à s'interroger sur une autre voie, celle de la légalisation du cannabis. Le cannabis médical est déjà autorisé dans trois pays européens Pays-Bas, Espagne, Royaume Uni, en Australie, au Canada et dans vingt États américain. Récemment l'Uruguay devient le premier pays du monde où l’État contrôle la production et...

• British Empire .

  B1 The Seven Years’ War During the Seven Years’ War in Europe (1756-1763), Britain made large imperial gains at the expense of France. The North American segment of the Seven Years’ Warwas known as the French and Indian War. It was launched by the British against French possessions in North America in 1754, and in 1758 the British captured theFrench fortress of Louisbourg, which gave them access to French territory in the St. Lawrence Valley. In the following year Québec was captured, marking t...

• Slovakia - country.

  The country is divided informally into the three regions of Western Slovakia, Central Slovakia, and Eastern Slovakia, corresponding to administrative divisions that wereabolished in 1989. Most of Slovakia’s 600,000 Hungarians live in the southern parts of Western and Central Slovakia, which served as the cultural center of Hungary forseveral centuries after Hungary proper was invaded by the Ottomans in the 16th century. The Ruthenian and Ukrainian minorities are concentrated in the northernregio...

• DROIT ADMINISTRATIF: Arrêt Confédération nationale des associations familiales catholiques

  respecter.Cependant, même si la vérification des deux premières conditions ne pose pas réellement de problèmes, il en est autrement de la troisième.Cette condition de réciprocité peut être difficile à déterminer pour le juge administratif d'autant plus s'il s'agit d'un traité multilatéral c'est à dire avec plus de deuxparties.Dans un premier temps, il s'est considéré incompétent pour savoir si la réciprocité est respecté. C'est ce qui ressort d'un arret du 9 avril 1999 Chevrol-Benkeddach.Ainsi,...

• Communism.

  In Britain, Robert Owen, a philanthropic Welsh manufacturer, strove against the social problems brought about by the Industrial Revolution and sought to improve thewelfare of workers. As manager of a cotton mill, he enhanced the environment of his workers by improving their housing, modernizing mill equipment for greater safetyand sanitation, and establishing low-priced stores for the workers and schools for their children. Owen believed that workers, rather than governments, should createthe in...

• Communism .

  In Britain, Robert Owen, a philanthropic Welsh manufacturer, strove against the social problems brought about by the Industrial Revolution and sought to improve thewelfare of workers. As manager of a cotton mill, he enhanced the environment of his workers by improving their housing, modernizing mill equipment for greater safetyand sanitation, and establishing low-priced stores for the workers and schools for their children. Owen believed that workers, rather than governments, should createthe in...

• Les grandes crises de la guerre froide

  place un gigantesque « pont aérien » pendant 11 mois, des milliers d'avions vont transporter des millions de tonnes de ravitaillement. Parallèlement, les USA font savoir à Staline qu'ils utiliseront la force pour maintenir libres les couloirs aériens : la tension est très forte. En juin 1949, Staline, impuissant à faire céder Berlin-Ouest, estime plus prudent de ne pas insister et lève le blocus, reconnaissant ainsi implicitement sa première défaite dans la guerre froide. Après cela, la division...

• Ancient Egypt.

  around 4500 BC. The style and decoration of the pottery found at these sites differ from those of pottery found in Upper Egypt. The northern type eventually fell out of use. Other differences between the peoples in Upper Egypt and Lower Egypt include the nature of their architecture and the arrangements for burial of the dead, thelatter perhaps signifying differing religious beliefs. B Unification and Early Dynastic Period By 3500 BC, the settlement of Hierakonpolis, located on the west bank...

• Ancient Egypt - USA History.

  around 4500 BC. The style and decoration of the pottery found at these sites differ from those of pottery found in Upper Egypt. The northern type eventually fell out of use. Other differences between the peoples in Upper Egypt and Lower Egypt include the nature of their architecture and the arrangements for burial of the dead, thelatter perhaps signifying differing religious beliefs. B Unification and Early Dynastic Period By 3500 BC, the settlement of Hierakonpolis, located on the west bank...

• American Revolution.

  C1 The South Southern agriculture was founded on the cultivation of tobacco, wheat, and corn in Virginia, Maryland, and North Carolina, and of rice and indigo (a blue dye) in SouthCarolina and Georgia. There was a large demand for these crops in Europe. These crops were cultivated with the help of black slaves imported from Africa. The whiteplanter class in the South was the most powerful, both politically and economically. C2 The North Wheat was the main cash crop of the mid-Atlantic colonies...

• American Revolution - U.

  C1 The South Southern agriculture was founded on the cultivation of tobacco, wheat, and corn in Virginia, Maryland, and North Carolina, and of rice and indigo (a blue dye) in SouthCarolina and Georgia. There was a large demand for these crops in Europe. These crops were cultivated with the help of black slaves imported from Africa. The whiteplanter class in the South was the most powerful, both politically and economically. C2 The North Wheat was the main cash crop of the mid-Atlantic colonies...

• History of Colonial America - U.

  Despite the lack of settlement, New France prospered as a vast fur-trading enterprise. French explorers traveled deep into the North American continent seeking newsupplies of deerskins and beaver pelts. In 1673 French missionary Jacques Marquette reached the Mississippi River in present-day Wisconsin. In 1681 explorer René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle, traveled down the majestic Mississippi to the Gulf of Mexico. He honored the reign of King Louis XIV (1643-1715) by creating the newcolony...

• Iran - country.

  Zagros mountains. In the more arid central part of the country, wild pistachio and other drought-resistant trees grow in areas that have not been disturbed by humanactivity. Tamarisk and other salt-tolerant bushes grow along the margins of the Dasht-e Kavir. A wide variety of native mammals, reptiles, birds, and insects inhabit Iran. Many species of mammals—including wolves, foxes, bears, mountain goats, red mountainsheep, rabbits, and gerbils—continue to thrive. Others—including Caspian tigers,...

• North Carolina - geography.

  The drainage divide in North Carolina follows the Blue Ridge range on the eastern margin of the mountain region. This is called the “Eastern Continental Divide.” West ofthis divide, rivers drain into the Mississippi River through the Tennessee River and other tributaries of the Ohio River. The French Broad, the largest, and the LittleTennessee flow into the Tennessee River. The New River flows into the Kanawha River of West Virginia which in turn flows into the Ohio River. Most of the state’s ri...

• North Carolina - USA History.

  The drainage divide in North Carolina follows the Blue Ridge range on the eastern margin of the mountain region. This is called the “Eastern Continental Divide.” West ofthis divide, rivers drain into the Mississippi River through the Tennessee River and other tributaries of the Ohio River. The French Broad, the largest, and the LittleTennessee flow into the Tennessee River. The New River flows into the Kanawha River of West Virginia which in turn flows into the Ohio River. Most of the state’s ri...

• Liberté ou contrôle de l’information

  Thème 4 : S’informer, un regard critique sur les sources et modes de communication B) Liberté ou contrôle de l’information 1) L’information dépendante de l’opinion ? L’affaire Dreyfus et la presse 1.1) L’enracinement de la république et l’essor de la presse 1.2) Le traitement médiatique de l’affaire Dreyfus 2) L’information entre le marché et l’État : histoire de l’Agence Havas et de l’AFP 2.1) La première agence de presse : l’agence Havas 2.2) De 1945 à 1981 : renouveau démocratique e...

• L'électronique accompagne aujourd'hui l'homme dans chacun de ses gestes, elle assiste, directement ou non, toutes les actions qu'il entreprend, et l'on prévoit que ce rôle ne fera que s'amplifier dans les décennies à venir.

  donnant par exemple une structure npn. Les deux zones n sont inégalement dopées. La moins dopée est l'émetteur, l'autre le collecteur. La zone p constitue la base. C'est du couplage entre ces deux jonctions que provient l'effet transistor : si l'on polarise en inverse la jonction émetteur-base et en direct la jonction base-collecteur, le très faible courant de la jonction inverse assure le contrôle du courant beaucoup plus fort qui circule de l'émetteur au collecteur. Cet effet d'amplif...

• Gaza, bande de.

  dehors de quelques colonies, la bande de Gaza est demeurée arabe par son peuplement, mais étroitement dépendante de l’économie israélienne. Il s’agit du plus pauvre desterritoires palestiniens sous occupation israélienne, ce qui en fait un terrain privilégié pour le développement de l’activisme politique palestinien. Pour lutter contre l’OLP,Israël favorise le développement des groupes islamistes, qui trouvent un terrain particulièrement favorable à Gaza. L’Intifada, soulèvement populaire qui éc...

• Mexican Revolution.

  growing economic and social difficulties. Although Madero called for free and democratic elections, and a ban on reelection at all levels of government, he offered little tourban workers seeking higher wages and better working conditions, or to indigenous people seeking the restoration of their traditional lands. Madero’s intention was tolead a political rebellion, not a social revolution. Despite the political nature of the plan, it became a rallying point for poor and working-class Mexicans, m...

• Nicaraguan Revolution.

  Directorate. Within a year Robelo and Violeta Chamorro left the junta, and the Council of State was reorganized to guarantee an overwhelming Sandinista majority.Elections were postponed, restrictions were placed on the media, and relations with the Roman Catholic Church became increasingly tense. Two non-Sandinistasreplaced Robelo and Chamorro on the junta, but they had little power, and the government’s relations with opposition political parties and the private business sectordeteriorated. A D...

• Droit de la concurrence

  La concurrence est liée à l’économie de marché qui selon les libéraux des 17 et 18 ème siècles est la forme optimale d’organisation des sociétés. Cette forme d’organisation s’oppose à une planification étatique, type post plan soviétique où l’économie est administrée par un état (exemple aujourd’hui : la Corée du nord). En pratique il n’e xiste pas un système de planification pure, et il n’y a pas non plus de marché où il y a une concurrence pure et parfaite qui fonctionne. Les deux s...

• Anatomía - ciencias de la naturaleza.

  Sistema nervioso autónomo o vegetativoEl sistema nervioso autónomo dirige las actividades corporales sobre las que el individuo no tiene un control consciente, como larespiración o la digestión. Consta de dos partes: el sistema simpático y el parasimpático.© Microsoft Corporation. Reservados todos los derechos. El sistema nervioso se divide en somático, que efectúa el control voluntario sobre los músculos esqueléticos, y autónomo, que es involuntario y controla el músculo liso, elmúsculo cardiac...

• Parkinson Disease.

  III SYMPTOMS Parkinson disease most notably affects motor control (muscle activity). The disease progresses differently for each individual—symptoms develop swiftly in some peopleand slowly in others. Some Parkinson patients may develop problems that affect their intellect or ability to reason, or they may suffer from depression or anxiety. A Motor Control Problems Doctors look for the presence of four principal symptoms in patients they suspect may have Parkinson disease. Tremor (the involun...

• Corée.

  La domination japonaise commença réellement avec le traité de protection (1905), imposé au pays après la guerre russo-japonaise, par lequel le Japon prit le contrôle desAffaires étrangères coréennes, puis de la police et de l'armée, de la monnaie et du système bancaire, des communications et de tous les secteurs vitaux. Ces changementsfurent obstinément combattus par le roi Kojong et une guérilla se mit en place. L'annexion pure et simple par le Japon fut réalisée par traité en 1910 malgré l'hos...

• Demande de stage. Contrôle des marchandises maritimes

• droit constit

  Vatré Ella contrôler la conformité des lois à la Constitution. Le Conseil Constitutionnel a besoin de trouver dans la Constitution des droits et libertés se référant aux litiges en question. Le conseil constitutionnel a décidé de garder la constitution de 1958 qui l’a créé mais il a décidé en 1971 de se référer à la DDHC, au préambule de 1946 et de 1958 et à la charte l’environnement ainsi qu’à d’autres principes, des règles...

• Inuit.

  VII HOUSING, TRANSPORTATION, AND CLOTHING Inuit homes are of two kinds: walrus or sealskin tents for summer and huts or houses for winter. Winter houses are usually made of stone, with a driftwood orwhalebone frame, chinked and covered with moss or sod. The entrance is a long, narrow passage just high enough to admit a person crawling on hands and knees.During long journeys some Canadian Inuit build igloos, winter houses of snow blocks piled in a dome shape (the term igloo comes from the I...

• Law. I INTRODUCTION Law, body of official rules and regulations, generally found in

  their rules are reviewable by the courts. U.S. constitutional law is the most extensive and pervasive of any country in the world. It is embodied in the Constitution and in the opinions of the U.S. Supreme Courtrendered over time. Through its power of judicial review, the Supreme Court may invalidate any legislation or other governmental actions that it finds to be in violationof the Constitution. Constitutional courts in some civil-law countries have similar powers. In the United Kingdom no equ...

• Electronics.

  electronic circuits. The resistors are made from carbon mixtures, metal films, or resistance wire and have two connecting wires attached. Variable resistors, with anadjustable sliding contact arm, are often used to control volume on radios and television sets. E Capacitors Capacitors consist of two metal plates that are separated by an insulating material ( see Capacitor). If a battery is connected to both plates, an electric charge will flow for a short time and accumulate on each plate. If th...

• Acid Rain.

  the Adirondack Mountains of New York State, a quarter of the lakes and ponds are acidic, and many have lost their brook trout and other fish. In the middleAppalachian Mountains, over 1,300 streams are afflicted. All of Norway’s major rivers have been damaged by acid rain, severely reducing salmon and trout populations. E Plants and Animals The effects of acid rain on wildlife can be far-reaching. If a population of one plant or animal is adversely affected by acid rain, animals that feed on tha...

• Louis XIV I INTRODUCTION Louis XIV (1638-1715), king of France (1643-1715), known as the Sun King.

  he could defend against attack from his enemies. In the first instance, Louis worked to tighten central control over the array of departments, regions, and duchies that together made up France. To this end, he revivedthe use of regional intendants, officials who were sent to the provinces with instructions to establish order and effective royal justice. Although agents of the centralgovernment, intendants worked closely with the local nobility and legal institutions to establish efficient admini...

• Louis XIV.

  he could defend against attack from his enemies. In the first instance, Louis worked to tighten central control over the array of departments, regions, and duchies that together made up France. To this end, he revivedthe use of regional intendants, officials who were sent to the provinces with instructions to establish order and effective royal justice. Although agents of the centralgovernment, intendants worked closely with the local nobility and legal institutions to establish efficient admini...

• Canadian Forces.

  As the Land Force Command component of the CF, the Canadian army is responsible for land combat and for physically protecting people and land-based resources. Itis the component of the CF most often called on to support international military operations and peacekeeping missions and to maintain order in times of civil unrest. A Organization The 20,900 personnel who comprise the army’s regular force are organized into four geographically based areas. Land Force Atlantic includes the provinces of...