1606 résultats pour "introductive"

• INTRODUCTION À L’ÉTUDE DE LA MÉDECINE EXPÉRIMENTALE Claude Bernard (résumé & analyse)

• Rédiger la dissertation: méthodologie

  Mauvaises introductions Il y a donc deux écueils à éviter : 1) l'introduction qui ne dit rien ; 2) l'introduction qui dit déjà tout. 1) L'introduction qui ne dit rien se présente essentiellement sous trois formes dans les copies de bac : a) L'introduction qui commence immédiatement par l'énoncé du sujet et se contente d'annoncer une réflexion sur le sujet. Exemple: Le correcteur trouve des séries de copies qui débuten...

• LOGIQUE DU SOCIAL (LA), Introduction à l’analyse sociologique, Raymond Boudon - résumé de l'oeuvre

• INTRODUCTION À L’ÉTUDE DE LA MÉDECINE EXPÉRIMENTALE de Claude Bernard (résumé & analyse)

• INTRODUCTION ET CONCLUSION :UN RÊVE DE BERTRAND , LE SOLEIL S'EST Couché DE HUGO

  INTRODUCTION : Victor Hugo, auteur complet (romancier, dramaturge) et engagé (Le dernier jour d'un condamné) est aussi un adepte de la poésie qu’il définit comme « ce qu’il y a d’intime en tout » dans la préface de son recueil Odes et ballades (1828) évoquant le sentiment de mal-être et de mélancolie propre aux romantiques. Il annonce ainsi dans la préface qu’il s’agira « de vers sereins et paisibles , des vers de l’intérieur de l’âme » et comme un « regard mélancolique sur ce qui...

• Hélène Introduction Hélène est la fille de Zeus et de Léda (reine de Sparte).

  et s'enfuit avec elle pendant que Ménélas se trouvait en Crète (selon Homère). Une autre tradition dit qu'Hélène fut enlevée à main armée pendant la célébration d'une fête, ou encore qu'elle suivit Paris, car la déesse Aphrodite lui avait donné les traits de Ménélas. Le mariage s'accomplit sur l’île de Cranae ou à Salamine et Hélène arriva après une longue navigation, au palais de Priam. Tel est le récit homérique. d) Son rôle durant l...

• MATHÉMATIQUES INTRODUCTION Les mathématiques forment un savoir vieux de milliers d'années.

  2 LES IDÉES MATHÉMATIQUES Les idées mathématiques se retrouvent sous des formes différentes dans les diverses cultures humaines, de celle de l'homme primitif aux civilisations les plus anciennes et les plus riches (Mésopotamie, Égypte, Inde, Chine), jusqu'à la culture occidentale et aux nombreuses autres cultures plus ou moins avancées technologiquement qui se sont développées sur notre planète. Ces dernières années, une nouvelle science est apparue : l’« ethnomathématique » qui vise à comprend...

• Cours d'introduction générale au droit, en L1 Droit premier semestre

  Qu’est-ce que le droit ? En matière juridique le droit est en premier lieu l’ensemble des règles de conduite destinées à organiser dans une société donnée les rapports entre les Hommes . Cet ensemble de règles on l’appelle le droit objectif. En second lieu le mot droit désigne aussi les prérogatives reconnues par le droit objectif à un individu ou à un groupe d’individus et dont ceux-ci peuvent se prévaloir à l’égard des autres en invoquant s’il y a lieu la protection des pouvoirs...

• Introduction : L’avion est aujourd’hui le moyen de transport le plus utilisé pour les trajets sur des très longues distances (+1000km).

  Le givrage est dû à la présence d'eau sous forme liquide à des températures négatives, bien que la température de solidification de l'eau soit de 0°C. Lorsqu'une goutte est produite par condensation (changement d'état gazeux à l'état liquide) sous une température inférieure à 0°C, celle-ci devient alors une gouttelette en surfusion. La surfusion est l'état d'une matière qui parvient à rester en état liquide alors que sa température est inférieure à son point de solidification, cet état est dit m...

• 12065-21780500 Introduction Plusieurs œuvres relatant la célèbre histoire de Tristan et Iseut ont été écrites.

  Introduction Plusieurs œuvres relatant la célèbre histoire de Tristan et Iseut ont été écrites. Que cela soit sous forme de romans, de pièces de théâtre ou de scénarios, les amants font parler d’eux. Béroul raconte la fuite des deux amants ainsi que leurs ruses pour avoir la vie sauve. L’œuvre de Béroul a été conservée en un manuscrit unique et était, malheureusement, en très mauvais état, c’est la raison pour laquelle ni le début ni...

• Introduction à l'optimisation

  RI CI CHAPITRE 1 HE INTRODUCTION À L’OPTIMISATION Sommaire Problème d’optimisation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2 Terminologie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 3 Classification de problème d’optimisation . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 .N ad aK 1 4 3.1 Optimisation Continue, Optimisation Discrète et Combinatoire 4 3.2 Optimisation avec et sans contraintes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 3....

• ?Ménandre, Dyscolos, v. 153-178 (acte I, scène 3) Commentaire Introduction

• Numerals I INTRODUCTION Numerals, signs or symbols for graphic representation of numbers.

• ?PLAN Introduction 3 I. Biobibliographie de l?auteur 3 1. Biographie 3 2. Bibliographie 5

  3Introduction «Et si l’Afrique refusait le développement ?», s’interrogeait déjà Axelle Kabou, compte tenu de certains comportements des Africains. Serions-nous nés pour vivre dans la misère et nous en vouloir mutuellement ? Comme pour répondre à ces questions, Eustache Prudencio commet un recueil de nouvelles qu’il baptise, « Le rêve étranglé ». L’œuvre est parue aux Editions du Flamboyant à Cotonou en 1998. I....

• Canadian Literature I INTRODUCTION Canadian Literature, literature of the peoples of Canada.

  William Henry DrummondPoet William Henry Drummond described the lives of French Canadian farmers, loggers, and rural workers in verse thatreflected their mix of French and English speech. He gained recognition in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.Library of Congress In the early 19th century, most Canadian poetry imitated earlier British poetry. Poets Oliver Goldsmith (grandnephew of the Anglo-Irish writer of the same name),Charles Sangster, Charles Mair, and Levi Adams exemplified literary...

• Japanese Music I INTRODUCTION Shamisen Performance The shamisen is a Japanese instrument with three strings.

  utilizes six modes, or scales, of Chinese origin, all derived from two basic pentatonic (five-note) scales: ryo, D E-flat G A B-flat, plus F and C as auxiliary pitches; and ritsu, D F G A C, plus auxiliary pitches E-flat and B-flat. The meters in gagaku music are basically duple (in twos). IV DRAMATIC MUSIC Classical Nō Drama of JapanInspired both spiritually and artistically by Zen Buddhism, the Japanese n ō theater is composed of four main components:music (voices, instruments), choreogra...

• St. John's (city, Newfoundland and Labrador) - Geography. I INTRODUCTION St. John's (city,

  coast of Newfoundland and Labrador have brought some hope of potential economic upturn for the port. St. John’s has an international airport, which connects the city to mainland Canada and points outside the country. The city is also the eastern terminus of the Trans-Canada Highway. Although traffic through the city’s harbor has diminished considerably, the port of St. John’s continues to serve as an important Canadian Coast Guarddepot and port of call for container ships. Passenger service on t...

• Illustration I INTRODUCTION Illustration, pictorial material appearing with a text and amplifying or enhancing it.

  Hypnerotomachia PoliphiliThe Hypnerotomachia Poliphili (The Strife of Love in a Dream), a work attributed to Dominican monk Francesco deColonna, was first published in Venice, Italy, in 1499 by Aldus Manutius. Its text and its beautiful woodcut illustrationsinfluenced Renaissance art and architecture. This illustration shows the book’s protagonist, Poliphilus, asleep under a tree.The Pierpont Morgan Library/Art Resource, NY The first illustrated book with a text printed from movable type was pro...

• African Literature I INTRODUCTION African Literature, oral and written literature produced on the African continent.

  that few scholars of African culture know any African languages, and few Africans know an African language other than their own. The best-known literatures in Africanlanguages include those in Yoruba and Hausa in West Africa; Sotho, Xhosa, and Zulu in southern Africa; and Amharic, Somali, and Swahili in East Africa. In West Africa, Yoruba writing emerged after Bishop Ajayi Crowther, a former slave, developed a script for the language and in 1900 published the first Yorubatranslation of the Bible...

• Rap I INTRODUCTION Jay-Z Rapper Jay-Z rose to popularity with such albums as Vol.

  Run-DMCTypically in rap music, vocalists recite rhyming lyrics in time to a beat that may be sampled from prerecorded music byother groups. Black youths developed rap music on the streets of inner cities in the United States during the 1970s, butthe style has expanded to include a wider variety of performers and audiences. The rap group Run-DMC, shown here, wasa powerful early influence in the genre. The group helped bring rap music into the mainstream when it released “WalkThis Way” (1986), a s...

• Music I INTRODUCTION World Music Tour Click on the instruments to hear music from around the world.

  Duke EllingtonAmerican composer, bandleader, and pianist Duke Ellington endures as perhaps the most important pioneer in big-bandjazz. Ellington and his orchestra shared a special interdependent relationship: Using the band as his musical workshop,Ellington derived his orchestra’s tone coloring from the unique sound qualities of the group’s individual players. Thisparticular style was later dubbed the “Ellington Effect” by jazz arranger Billy Strayhorn, who also wrote one of the band’ssignature...

• Pottery I INTRODUCTION Pottery, clay that is chemically altered and permanently hardened by firing in a kiln.

  basket, or a clay or plaster form. Liquid clay can be poured into plaster molds. A pot can be coil built: Clay is rolled between the palms of the hands and extended intolong coils, a coil is formed into a ring, and the pot is built up by superimposing rings. Also, a ball of clay can be pinched into the desired shape. The most sophisticatedpottery-making technique is wheel throwing. The potter's wheel, invented in the 4th millennium BC, is a flat disk that revolves horizontally on a pivot. Both...

• Musical Instruments I INTRODUCTION World Music Tour Click on the instruments to hear music from around the world.

  Traditional Timbila of MozambiqueAmong the Chopi, who have lived for centuries along the coast of Mozambique, there is a highly developed tradition ofsongwriting and composing for timbila (xylophone) orchestras. Elaborate migodo (dance suites), interspersed with poeticsongs pertaining to village life, are often performed to these compositions. Timbila music is now recognized as the nationalmusic of Mozambique."Eduardo Durao Mauaia" from Eduardo Durao and Orquestra Durao: Timbila (Cat.# Globestyl...

• Algebra I INTRODUCTION Algebra, branch of mathematics in which symbols (usually letters) represent unknown numbers in mathematical equations.

  B Order of Operations and Grouping Algebra relies on an established sequence for performing arithmetic operations. This ensures that everyone who executes a string of operations arrives at the sameanswer. Multiplication is performed first, then division, followed by addition, then subtraction. For example: 1 + 2 · 3 equals 7 because 2 and 3 are multiplied first and then added to 1. Exponents and roots have even higher priority than multiplication: 3 · 2 2 = 3 · 4 = 12 Grouping symbols override...

• Number (mathematics) I INTRODUCTION Number (mathematics), word or symbol used to designate quantities or entities that behave like quantities.

• Mythology I INTRODUCTION Mythology, the body of myths of a particular culture, and the study and interpretation of such myths.

  usually define a myth as a story that has compelling drama and deals with basic elements and assumptions of a culture. Myths explain, for example, how the worldbegan; how humans and animals came into being; how certain customs, gestures, or forms of human activity originated; and how the divine and human worlds interact.Many myths take place at a time before the world as human beings know it came into being. Because myth-making often involves gods, other supernatural beings, andprocesses beyond...

• Modern Art I INTRODUCTION American Gothic American Gothic was painted by the 20th-century American artist Grant Wood in 1930.

  while at the other side a woman in black appears to mourn the end of her participation in the dance. Click on the buttonsto learn more.© Microsoft Corporation. All Rights Reserved. In view of this diversity, it is difficult to define modern art in a way that includes all of 20th-century Western art. For some critics, the most important characteristic ofmodern art is its attempt to make painting and sculpture ends in themselves, thus distinguishing modernism from earlier forms of art that had con...

• Native American Architecture I INTRODUCTION Native American Architecture, traditional architecture of the peoples of who lived in North America before Europeans arrived.

  Mound Builders who resided in the area.John Elk III/Bruce Coleman, Inc. Another mound building culture, named Hopewell, also appears to have originated in Ohio but expanded west to Iowa, Kansas, and Oklahoma, south to Louisiana,Mississippi, and Alabama, east to Georgia and the Appalachian Mountains, and north to Wisconsin, Michigan, and lower Ontario in Canada. The Hopewell culture lastedfrom about 200 BC to 400 AD. Hopewell people built large, linear mounds to create enclosures in geometrical...

• Westerns I INTRODUCTION Gene Autry Known as the Singing Cowboy, Gene Autry was the star of nearly 100 Westerns during his career as an actor.

  James Fenimore CooperNineteenth-century American writer James Fenimore Cooper, famed for his adventure novels of American frontier life, wasalso an ardent social critic. Cooper wrote a series of five novels, known collectively as the Leather-Stocking Tales, in whichhe detailed the adventures of a fictional frontiersman named Natty Bumppo. In Bumppo, Cooper portrayed a man ofnature and a friend of the Native Americans. In addition to fiction, Cooper wrote several nonfiction works criticizingAmeri...

• William Shakespeare I INTRODUCTION William Shakespeare (1564-1616), English playwright and poet, recognized in much of the world as the greatest of all dramatists.

  Shakespeare’s reputation today is, however, based primarily on the 38 plays that he wrote, modified, or collaborated on. Records of Shakespeare’s plays begin toappear in 1594, when the theaters reopened with the passing of the plague that had closed them for 21 months. In December of 1594 his play The Comedy of Errors was performed in London during the Christmas revels at Gray’s Inn, one of the London law schools. In March of the following year he received payment for two playsthat had been per...

• Gothic Art and Architecture I INTRODUCTION Notre Dame Cathedral, Paris Notre Dame Cathedral, in Paris, was begun in 1163 and completed for the most part in 1250.

  and by external arches, called flying buttresses. Consequently, the thick walls of Romanesque architecture could be largely replaced by thinner walls with glass windows,and the interiors could reach unprecedented heights. A revolution in building techniques thus occurred. With the Gothic vault, a ground plan could take on a variety of shapes. The general plan of the cathedrals, however, consisting of a long three-aisled nave interceptedby a transept and followed by a shorter choir and sanctuary,...

• Musical I INTRODUCTION George Gershwin American pianist, songwriter, and composer George Gershwin was one of the most important figures in popular song in the 1920s and 1930s.

  C Extravaganzas Another predecessor of musical comedy, the extravaganza, evolved soon after the American Civil War (1861-1865) from traditional English pantomime. Extravaganzaswere typically based on fairy tales and Mother Goose. They introduced some of the elements—songs, dances, and comedy combined with spectacular stage sets andeffects—that American musical comedy later became known for. The first and most famous extravaganza show was The Black Crook (1866), often described as America’s fi...

• Asian Theater I INTRODUCTION Asian Theater, live performance, featuring actors or puppets, native to Asia, a continent with more than 2 billion people of many nations and cultures.

  III THEATER IN EAST ASIA Theater in East Asia includes the traditions of China, Japan, and Korea. Most Chinese theater is urban, secular (nonreligious) entertainment, influenced by the ethics of Confucianism. However, a belief in spirits influences rituals performed by ethnic minorities in China, and Buddhism dominates traditional Tibetan performance. Japanesedramatic forms combine native shamanistic performance, secular entertainment, and cultural or religious influences from China and Kore...

• George Washington I INTRODUCTION George Washington (1732-1799), first president of the United States (1789-1797) and one of the most important leaders in United States history.

  A2 Promotion This was Washington’s first experience with the difficulties of raising troops while lacking equipment, clothing, and funds. Apparently he thought his efforts worthy ofsome recognition and successfully applied to Dinwiddie for a lieutenant colonel’s commission. He left Alexandria, Virginia, early in April with about 150 poorly equippedand half-trained troops. A3 First Battles Before he had advanced very far, Washington received news that the French had driven Trent’s men back from...

• Indian Art and Architecture I INTRODUCTION Art on the Indian Subcontinent This map highlights places in India and Pakistan where prominent examples of Indian art and architecture have been produced.

  Sun Temple of KonarakThis 13th-century relief depicting a wheel of the chariot of Indian sun god Surya is situated in the Konarak temple. Thetemple, dedicated to Surya, is situated at Puri in the Gulf of Bengal.Keren Su/Corbis The arts of India expressed in architecture, sculpture, painting, jewelry, pottery, metalwork, and textiles, were spread throughout the Far East with the diffusion ofBuddhism and Hinduism and exercised a strong influence on the arts of China, Japan, Myanmar (formerly known...

• Ivan IV Vasilyevich I INTRODUCTION Ivan IV Vasilyevich or Ivan the Terrible (1530-1584), grand prince of Muscovy (1533-1584) and the first formally proclaimed tsar of Russia (1547-1584).

  That same year Ivan resumed rule over all of Muscovy, much of which was in ruins. But in 1575 he farcically abdicated in favor of a Christianized Tatar, SimeonBekbulatovich, for a year. The tragedies of Ivan's existence were not yet over. In 1582 his daughter-in-law Elena appeared immodestly dressed and Ivan censured her.His son Ivan Ivanovich rose to defend his wife, whereupon the tsar killed his son, his only possible respectable heir. This left as heir Ivan’s feebleminded son Fyodor(reigned 1...

• Indian Literature I INTRODUCTION Arundhati Roy's The God of Small Things Indian author Arundhati Roy poses with a copy of her acclaimed first novel, The God of Small Things (1997).

  Mathura BuddhaMany of the earliest texts of Indian literature were religious writings of Buddhism. This Buddha figure carved out ofsandstone is from Mathura, a city in northern India that was at the center of Buddhist sculptural activity from the 2ndcentury bc to the 6th century ad.Angelo Hornak/Corbis The sacred Vedas were composed in Old Sanskrit by Aryan poet-seers between about 1500 BC and about 1000 BC. The Vedas are compilations of two major literary forms: hymns of praise to nature deit...

• Galileo I INTRODUCTION Galileo (1564-1642), Italian physicist and astronomer who, with German astronomer Johannes Kepler, initiated the scientific revolution that flowered in the work of English physicist Sir Isaac Newton.

  V WORK IN ASTRONOMY During most of his time in Padua, Galileo showed little interest in astronomy, although in 1595 he declared in a letter that he preferred the Copernican theory that Earthrevolves around the Sun to the assumptions of Aristotle and Ptolemy that planets circle a fixed Earth ( see Astronomy: The Copernican Theory ; Ptolemaic System). A Observations with the Telescope In 1609 Galileo heard that a telescope had been invented in Holland. In August of that year he constructed a t...

• Trigonometry I INTRODUCTION Trigonometry, branch of mathematics that deals with the relationships between the sides and angles of triangles and with the properties and applications of the trigonometric functions of angles.

  If point P, in the definition of the general trigonometric function, is on the y-axis, x is 0; therefore, because division by zero is inadmissible in mathematics, the tangent and secant of such angles as 90°, 270°, and -270° do not exist. If P is on the x-axis, y is 0; in this case, the cotangent and cosecant of such angles as 0°, 180°, and - 180° do not exist. All angles have sines and cosines, because r is never equal to 0. Since r is greater than or equal to x or y, the values of si...

• Industrial Revolution I INTRODUCTION Industrial Revolution, widespread replacement of manual labor by machines that began in Britain in the 18th century and is still continuing in some parts of the world.

  The most important advance in iron production occurred in 1784 when Englishman Henry Cort invented new techniques for rolling raw iron, a finishing process thatshapes iron into the desired size and form. These advances in metalworking were an important part of industrialization. They enabled iron, which was relativelyinexpensive and abundant, to be used in many new ways, such as building heavy machinery. Iron was well suited for heavy machinery because of its strength anddurability. Because of t...

• Rock Music I INTRODUCTION Carlos Santana Mexican-born guitarist Carlos Santana became a superstar in the late 1960s with a string of hits and an appearance at the famous Woodstock rock festival in 1969.

  point (a single pitch sustained through a progression of chords), and the parallel movement of chords, derived from a technique on the electric guitar known as bar-chording. Many elements of African American music have been a continuing source of influence on rock music. These characteristics include riffs (repeated patterns), backbeats (emphasizing the second and fourth beats of each measure; see Musical Rhythm: Pulse and Meter ), call-and-response patterns, blue notes (the use of certain...

• William Shakespeare I INTRODUCTION William Shakespeare English playwright and poet William Shakespeare, who lived in the late 1500s and early 1600s, is regarded as the greatest dramatist in the history of English literature.

  Avon, Warwickshire, a prosperous town in the English Midlands. Based on this record and on the fact that children in Shakespeare’s time were usually baptized two orthree days after birth, April 23 has traditionally been accepted as his date of birth. The third of eight children, William Shakespeare was the eldest son of John Shakespeare, a locally prominent glovemaker and wool merchant, and Mary Arden, thedaughter of a well-to-do landowner in the nearby village of Wilmcote. The young Shakespeare...

• Le commentaire composé

  C'est une phrase de synthèse qui dégage l'essentiel du texte et ne doit à aucun prix se rapprocher d'un résumé, nise noyer dans les détails. Il faut la quintessence de la page. Phrase percutante, ferme. Elle sera aisément reliée àune autre phrase ou encastrée dans un ensemble qui présente en même temps : 1) la valeur formelle générale : une simple formule, ou quelques qualificatifs ou précisions suffisent pour la présenter,mais il vaut mieux ne pas l'omettre, l'étude du texte reposant en effet c...

• Respecter les règles du jeu: méthode de la dissertation

  -une conclusion qui dresse le bilan de la réflexion et apporte une réponse nette, sinon une solution, au problème posé par le sujet. Votre correcteur est un lecteur et votre (unique) lecteur est un correc­ teur. Le lecteur a droit à un texte lisible, qui a un commencement, un milieu et une fin. Le correcteur, lui, verra tout de suite, en ouvrant votre copie, s'il a affaire ou non à une véritable dissertation et, par consé­ quent, à un candidat sé...

• Japanese Art and Architecture I INTRODUCTION Otani Oniji as Eitoku Otani Oniji as Eitoku is one of a number of woodblock prints created by the artist T? sh ?sai Sharaku between 1794 and 1795 during the Edo period in Japan.

  Jō mon PotteryJapan’s J ōmon people, who thrived from 10,000 to 300 bc, made distinctive pottery for boiling, steaming, and storing food.The pots were made with coils of clay and then decorated by rolling carved sticks, plant fibers, or braided cords over theouter surface. This cord-marked (j ōmon) pottery gave the culture its name.Scala/Art Resource, NY The first settlers of Japan, the J ōmon people (10,000?-300? BC), named for the cord markings that decorated the surfaces of their clay vessel...

• Méthode de la dissertation philosophique

  Il vaut mieux éviter d'y citer des noms de philosophes : ceux-ci sont rigoureusement étrangers à la problématisation de la question, même si plus tard ils vous seront évidemment très utiles pour proposer des réponses. Partir de l'état de la littérature philosophique serait inverser le juste ordre des choses : il faut aller des problèmes à la philosophie, non de la philosophie aux problèmes. Dans l'introduction  comme plus tard dans la conclusion  l'étudiant doit assumer ses responsabilit...

• Qu'est ce qu'un moindre mal (introduction)

  quelqu'un d'autre alors qu'il l'est pour moi, c'est bien que le moindre mal est une construction de l'esprit et non quelque chose de relatif à l'action. On examinera alors le moindre mal comme n'étant finalement pas la meilleure solution face au mal, du fait de la qualification d'un mal comme moindre est le résultat d'une prédiction.        Le moindre mal comme combattant du mal  Le moindre mal comme outil d'un plus grand bien Le moindre mal définit ainsi par chacun personnellement  Le moindre m...

• INTRODUCTION A LA MÉTAPHYSIQUE de Bergson

• Introduction à la pensée politique

  Tragédie (Antigone de Sophocle) Deux questions (deux thèses) s’affrontent : le roi Créon et sa nièce AntigoneLimite aux sacrifices par rapport à la loi Antigone Créon Lois divines/Non écrites (bon sens, dieux) Lois écrites Légitimité (ni légal, ni répréhensible) Légalité Politique (citoyens se donnent leurs lois)Morale Droit Pouvoir instituant (la nation est le pouvoir) Pouvoir institué (pouvoir réel : l’état)Le pouvoir institué, avec tout son arsenalde répression, ne vaut rien sans sescitoyens...

• INTRODUCTION A LA MÉTAPHYSIQUE (résumé)