274 résultats pour "health"

• Human Disease.

  disease can be transmitted through food infected with mutated proteins. B Spread of Infectious Disease Some pathogens are spread from one person to another by direct contact. They leave the first person through body openings, mucous membranes, and skin wounds,and they enter the second person through similar channels. For example, the viruses that cause respiratory diseases such as influenza and the common cold are spreadin moisture droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes. A hand that...

• Medical Ethics.

  medical profession. In recent years, however, the field of medical ethics has struggled to keep pace with the many complex issues raised by new technologies for creating and sustaininglife. Artificial-respiration devices, kidney dialysis, and other machines can keep patients alive who previously would have succumbed to their illnesses or injuries.Advances in organ transplantation have brought new hope to those afflicted with diseased organs. New techniques have enabled prospective parents to con...

• Obesity.

  of a day, contributing to the development of obesity. V TREATMENTS FOR OBESITY Obesity can become a chronic lifelong condition caused by overeating, physical inactivity, and even genetic makeup. No matter what the cause, however, obesity can beprevented or managed with a combination of diet, exercise, behavior modification, and in severe cases, weight-loss medications and surgery. A Diets The most common and conservative treatment for obesity utilizes a nutritionally balanced, low calorie diet...

• Bill Clinton.

  When Arkansas governor David Pryor ran for the U.S. Senate in 1978, Clinton ran for governor. He promised to improve the state’s schools and highways and toimprove economic conditions so that more jobs would be created. At that time, the average income of people in Arkansas ranked 49th among the 50 states. Clinton woneasily, receiving 60 percent of the vote against four opponents in the Democratic primary election and 63 percent against the Republican candidate, Lynn Lowe, in thegeneral election...

• Bill Clinton - USA History.

  When Arkansas governor David Pryor ran for the U.S. Senate in 1978, Clinton ran for governor. He promised to improve the state’s schools and highways and toimprove economic conditions so that more jobs would be created. At that time, the average income of people in Arkansas ranked 49th among the 50 states. Clinton woneasily, receiving 60 percent of the vote against four opponents in the Democratic primary election and 63 percent against the Republican candidate, Lynn Lowe, in thegeneral election...

• Mental Retardation.

  For example, measles, chicken pox, and whooping cough may lead to encephalitis and meningitis, which can damage the brain. Physical trauma to the brain can also cause mental retardation. Brain damage may result from accidental blows to the head, near drowning, severe child abuse, andchildhood exposure to such toxins as lead and mercury. Experts believe that poverty and a lack of stimulation during infancy and early childhood can be factors inmental retardation. Children raised in poor environmen...

• Poliomyelitis.

  Physical therapy helps patients with paralytic polio stretch and move affected muscles. This movement minimizes the atrophy, or shrinkage, of affected muscles andlimbs and builds strength. Exercises can also retrain working muscles to compensate for other muscles that have permanently lost the ability to move. Rehabilitativetherapy trains patients to use braces, crutches, and other devices that provide support and aid mobility. V PREVENTION OF POLIO Immunization with polio vaccine is the best w...

• San Antonio (city, Texas) - geography.

  The SBC Center is the home venue for the San Antonio Spurs of the National Basketball Association (NBA) and the San Antonio Silver Stars of the Women's NationalBasketball Association (WNBA). The dome also serves as the site for the Alamo Bowl, an annual post-season college football game. Large themed amusement parks inthe San Antonio area are Fiesta Texas and Sea World of Texas. San Antonio’s major annual event is the Fiesta, a ten-day celebration in late April with carnivals, ethnic feasts, art...

• Heart.

  situation. A Cardiac Cycle Although the right and left halves of the heart are separate, they both contract in unison, producing a single heartbeat. The sequence of events from the beginning ofone heartbeat to the beginning of the next is called the cardiac cycle. The cardiac cycle has two phases: diastole, when the heart’s chambers are relaxed, and systole,when the chambers contract to move blood. During the systolic phase, the atria contract first, followed by contraction of the ventricles. T...

• Cuba - country.

  Only two land mammals, the hutia, or cane rat, and the solenodon, a rare insectivore that resembles a rat, are known to be indigenous. The island has numerous batsand nearly 300 kinds of birds, including vultures, wild turkeys, quail, finches, gulls, macaws, parakeets, and hummingbirds. The bee hummingbird of Cuba is thesmallest bird in the world. Among the few reptiles are tortoises, caimans, the Cuban crocodile, and a species of boa that can attain a length of 3.7 m (12 ft). More than700 speci...

• Environment.

  escape into space of the infrared energy radiated back out by Earth. This process is referred to as the greenhouse effect. These gases, primarily carbon dioxide,methane, nitrous oxide, and water vapor, insulate Earth’s surface, helping to maintain warm temperatures. Without these gases, Earth would be a frozen planet with anaverage temperature of about -18°C (about 0°F) instead of a comfortable 15°C (59°F). If the concentration of these gases rises, they trap more heat within theatmosphere, caus...

• Pollution.

  One of the greatest challenges caused by air pollution is global warming, an increase in Earth’s temperature due to the buildup of certain atmospheric gases such ascarbon dioxide. With the heavy use of fossil fuels in the 20th century, atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide have risen dramatically. Carbon dioxide and othergases, known as greenhouse gases, reduce the escape of heat from the planet without blocking radiation coming from the Sun. Because of this greenhouse effect,average glob...

• Federal Republic of Germany - country.

  B Rivers and Lakes Rivers have played a major role in Germany’s economic development. The Rhine River flows in a northwesterly direction from Switzerland through much of westernGermany and The Netherlands into the North Sea. It is a major European waterway and a pillar of commerce and trade. Its primary German tributaries include theMain, Mosel, Neckar, and Ruhr rivers. The Oder (Odra) River, along the border between Poland and Germany, runs northward and empties into the Baltic; it provides an...

• Malaria.

  last long and is unlikely to be fatal. Infants and children are especially vulnerable to malaria because they have not yet built up immunity to the parasite. Some peoplehave genetic traits that help them resist malaria. Sickle-cell anemia and thalassemia, for example, are inherited blood disorders linked to malaria resistance. Travelers who lack immunity to malaria should take precautionary measures when visiting areas where the disease is prevalent. Such measures include using insectrepellents,...

• Fidel Castro.

  result, Castro formed a radical branch of the Ortodoxo Party called the Radical Action Orthodox wing. This organization supported Chibás in the 1948 election. PrioSocarrás won the election, despite Castro’s efforts. After Chibás committed suicide in 1951, Castro believed he should become the leader of the Ortodoxo Party and ran for a seat in the Cuban House of Representatives inthe 1952 election. Before that election could occur, however, General Fulgencio Batista staged a bloodless coup d’etat...

• Globalization.

  higher living standard for their people. The World Bank made loans to developing countries for dams and other electrical-generating plants, harbor facilities, and otherlarge projects. These projects were intended to lower costs for private businesses and to attract investors. Beginning in 1968 the World Bank focused on low-cost loansfor health, education, and other basic needs of the world’s poor. B International Monetary Fund The IMF makes loans so that countries can maintain the value of thei...

• Belarus - country.

  In the last complete census conducted in the Soviet Union in 1989, the population of Belarus was 10,151,806; a 2008 estimate was 9,685,768, giving the country apopulation density of 47 persons per sq km (121 per sq mi). The most notable demographic trend since the 1950s has been the steady migration of the population fromthe villages to urban centers, and the correspondent aging of the population remaining in the rural areas. In 1959 urban residents accounted for 31 percent of thepopulation; in...

• Kazakhstan - country.

  mismanagement. Between 1949 and 1991 the Soviet government conducted about 70 percent of all of its nuclear testing in Kazakhstan, mostly in the northeastern area near the city ofSemipalatinsk (now Semey). Nearly 500 nuclear explosions occurred both above and below ground near Semipalatinsk, while more than 40 nuclear detonationsoccurred at other testing grounds in western Kazakhstan and in the Qyzylqum desert. More than 1 million of Kazakhstan’s inhabitants were exposed to dangerous levelsof ra...

• Harry S.

  B2 Presiding Judge Political machines, such as the Pendergast organization, were common to both parties in the 1920s. They were based on the spoils system, in which winning politiciansgave government jobs to those loyal party members who had helped them get elected. Using government jobs as rewards, politicians created efficient (and oftenalmost unstoppable) vote-getting “machines,” in which party loyalty was often more important than doing any work. Without local machine support a political ca...

• Harry S.

  B2 Presiding Judge Political machines, such as the Pendergast organization, were common to both parties in the 1920s. They were based on the spoils system, in which winning politiciansgave government jobs to those loyal party members who had helped them get elected. Using government jobs as rewards, politicians created efficient (and oftenalmost unstoppable) vote-getting “machines,” in which party loyalty was often more important than doing any work. Without local machine support a political ca...

• Haiti - country.

  Haitian Creole and French are the official languages of Haiti. Haitian Creole, a French-based Creole with influences from West African languages, was made an officiallanguage under the 1987 constitution. It is the mother tongue for nearly the entire population of Haiti and the language of instruction in schools. French is spokenmainly as a second language by a small section of the population. B Religion About 80 percent of Haiti’s people are nominal Roman Catholics, many of them combining an Af...

• Puerto Rico - geography.

  the length of the day remains fairly constant throughout the year. San Juan has a mean July temperature of 28°C (83°F) and a mean January temperature of 25°C (77°F). The average temperature of the seawater surrounding theisland is 27°C (81°F), with little variation during the course of the year. The entire island is cooled by the trade winds from the northeast. This air also contains much water vapor. As the air is forced to rise over the mountains, it becomescooler and the water vapor condenses...

• Devons-nous dire Décentralisation ou Centralisation?

  Bibliographie1. Décentralisation, gouvernance et développement de la minorité francophone au NB -[i] Philippe RICARD, « Lord promet plus de référendums dans un 2e mandat », L'Acadie Nouvelle, 28 février 2003, p.4. 2. Décentralisation, gouvernance et développement de la minorité francophone au NB-Comité consultatif des communautés francophones en milieu minoritaire, Rapport au ministre fédéral de la Santé, Ottawa, septembre 2001, pp.27-28. 3. The State of Rural Healthcare-Presentation to the Stan...

• Liechtenstein Facts and Figures.

  HEALTH AND EDUCATIONLife expectancy Total 80 years (2008 estimate) Female 83.5 years (2008 estimate) Male 76.4 years (2008 estimate) Infant mortality rate 5 deaths per 1,000 live births (2008 estimate) Population per physician Not available Population per hospital bed Not available Literacy rateTotal 100 percent (1981) Female 100 percent (1981) Male 100 percent (1981) Education expenditure as a share of gross national product (GNP) Not available Number of years of compulsory...

• The Gambia Facts and Figures.

  HEALTH AND EDUCATIONLife expectancyTotal 55 years (2008 estimate) Female 56.9 years (2008 estimate) Male 53.1 years (2008 estimate) Infant mortality rate 69 deaths per 1,000 live births (2008 estimate) Population per physician 28,571 people (2004) Population per hospital bed 1,637 people (1990) Literacy rateTotal 42.4 percent (2005 estimate) Female 35 percent (2005 estimate) Male 50.2 percent (2005 estimate) Education expenditure as a share of gross national product (GNP) 3 perc...

• Slovakia Facts and Figures.

  Other 6 percent HEALTH AND EDUCATIONLife expectancyTotal 75.2 years (2008 estimate) Female 79.3 years (2008 estimate) Male 71.2 years (2008 estimate) Infant mortality rate 7 deaths per 1,000 live births (2008 estimate) Population per physician 307 people (2004) Population per hospital bed 139 people (2003) Literacy rateTotal Not available Female Not available Male Not available Education expenditure as a share of gross national product (GNP) 4.4 percent (2002-2003) Number of...

• Guinea-Bissau Facts and Figures.

  HEALTH AND EDUCATIONLife expectancyTotal 47.5 years (2008 estimate) Female 49.4 years (2008 estimate) Male 45.7 years (2008 estimate) Infant mortality rate 102 deaths per 1,000 live births (2008 estimate) Population per physician 8,181 people (2004) Population per hospital bed 677 people (1990) Literacy rateTotal 44.8 percent (2005 estimate) Female 30.1 percent (2005 estimate) Male 60.4 percent (2005 estimate) Education expenditure as a share of gross national product (GNP) 2.3...

• Uzbekistan Facts and Figures.

  Other 7.1 percent Religious affiliationsMuslim (mostly Sunni) 76 percent Atheist 3 percent Christian 2 percent Nonreligious 18 percent Other 1 percent HEALTH AND EDUCATIONLife expectancyTotal 65.4 years (2008 estimate) Female 69 years (2008 estimate) Male 62 years (2008 estimate) Infant mortality rate 68 deaths per 1,000 live births (2008 estimate) Population per physician 347 people (2004) Population per hospital bed 182 people (2003) Literacy rateTotal 99.2 percent (200...

• Eritrea Facts and Figures.

  HEALTH AND EDUCATIONLife expectancyTotal 60 years (2008 estimate) Female 61.9 years (2008 estimate) Male 58.3 years (2008 estimate) Infant mortality rate 44 deaths per 1,000 live births (2008 estimate) Population per physician 19,986 people (2004) Population per hospital bed Not available Literacy rateTotal 55.7 percent (2000 estimate) Female 44.5 percent (2000 estimate) Male 67.3 percent (2000 estimate) Education expenditure as a share of gross national product (GNP) 3.3 percen...

• Qatar Facts and Figures.

  HEALTH AND EDUCATIONLife expectancy Total 74.4 years (2008 estimate) Female 77.1 years (2008 estimate) Male 71.8 years (2008 estimate) Infant mortality rate 17 deaths per 1,000 live births (2008 estimate) Population per physician 452 people (2004) Population per hospital bed 417 people (2002) Literacy rateTotal 83.5 percent (2005 estimate) Female 86.5 percent (2005 estimate) Male 82 percent (2005 estimate) Education expenditure as a share of gross national product (GNP) 3.4 pe...

• F.Y.R.O. Macedonia Facts and Figures. BASIC FACTS Official name The Former Yugoslav Republic

  Other 3 percent Religious affiliationsOrthodox Christian (mostly Macedonian Orthodox) 60 percent Muslim 29 percent Nonreligious 7 percent Other 4 percent HEALTH AND EDUCATIONLife expectancy Total 74.5 years (2008 estimate) Female 77.1 years (2008 estimate) Male 72 years (2008 estimate) Infant mortality rate 9 deaths per 1,000 live births (2008 estimate) Population per physician 392 people (2006) Population per hospital bed 207 people (2002) Literacy rateTotal Not availabl...

• Estonia Facts and Figures.

  Atheist 11 percent Nonreligious 25 percent Other 18 percent HEALTH AND EDUCATIONLife expectancyTotal 72.6 years (2008 estimate) Female 78.3 years (2008 estimate) Male 67.2 years (2008 estimate) Infant mortality rate 8 deaths per 1,000 live births (2008 estimate) Population per physician 300 people (2006) Population per hospital bed 167 people (2002) Literacy rateTotal 99.8 percent (2003) Female 99.8 percent (2003) Male 99.8 percent (2003) Education expenditure as a share...

• Belize Facts and Figures.

  Hindu 2 percent Other 17 percent HEALTH AND EDUCATIONLife expectancyTotal 68.2 years (2008 estimate) Female 70.1 years (2008 estimate) Male 66.3 years (2008 estimate) Infant mortality rate 24 deaths per 1,000 live births (2008 estimate) Population per physician 957 people (2004) Population per hospital bed 769 people (2003) Literacy rateTotal 93.2 percent (2000 estimate) Female 93.2 percent (2000 estimate) Male 93.3 percent (2000 estimate) Education expenditure as a share o...

• Trinidad and Tobago Facts and Figures.

  Other 11 percent HEALTH AND EDUCATIONLife expectancyTotal 67 years (2008 estimate) Female 68 years (2008 estimate) Male 66.1 years (2008 estimate) Infant mortality rate 24 deaths per 1,000 live births (2008 estimate) Population per physician 1,269 people (2004) Population per hospital bed 294 people (2001) Literacy rateTotal 98.2 percent (2000) Female 97.5 percent (2000) Male 99 percent (2000) Education expenditure as a share of gross national product (GNP) 4.6 percent (2002-...

• Croatia Facts and Figures.

  Nonreligious 2 percent Other 3 percent HEALTH AND EDUCATIONLife expectancy Total 75.1 years (2008 estimate) Female 79 years (2008 estimate) Male 71.5 years (2008 estimate) Infant mortality rate 7 deaths per 1,000 live births (2008 estimate) Population per physician 405 people (2006) Population per hospital bed 183 people (2006) Literacy rateTotal 98.7 percent (2005 estimate) Female 98.1 percent (2005 estimate) Male 99.5 percent (2005 estimate) Education expenditure as a s...

• Tajikistan Facts and Figures.

  Other 1 percent HEALTH AND EDUCATIONLife expectancy Total 65 years (2008 estimate) Female 68.2 years (2008 estimate) Male 62 years (2008 estimate) Infant mortality rate 42 deaths per 1,000 live births (2008 estimate) Population per physician 498 people (2006) Population per hospital bed 164 people (2003) Literacy rateTotal 99.5 percent (2005 estimate) Female 99.2 percent (2005 estimate) Male 99.7 percent (2005 estimate) Education expenditure as a share of gross national pro...

• Cuba Facts and Figures.

  Other 4 percent HEALTH AND EDUCATIONLife expectancyTotal 77.3 years (2008 estimate) Female 79.6 years (2008 estimate) Male 75 years (2008 estimate) Infant mortality rate 6 deaths per 1,000 live births (2008 estimate) Population per physician 169 people (2004) Population per hospital bed 204 people (2003) Literacy rateTotal 97.3 percent (2005 estimate) Female 97.2 percent (2005 estimate) Male 97.4 percent (2005 estimate) Education expenditure as a share of gross national produ...

• Lithuania Facts and Figures.

  Nonreligious 11 percent Other 1 percent HEALTH AND EDUCATIONLife expectancyTotal 74.7 years (2008 estimate) Female 79.9 years (2008 estimate) Male 69.7 years (2008 estimate) Infant mortality rate 7 deaths per 1,000 live births (2008 estimate) Population per physician 253 people (2006) Population per hospital bed 115 people (2003) Literacy rateTotal 99.6 percent (2005 estimate) Female 99.6 percent (2005 estimate) Male 99.7 percent (2005 estimate) Education expenditure as a s...

• Botswana Facts and Figures.

  HEALTH AND EDUCATIONLife expectancyTotal 50.2 years (2008 estimate) Female 49 years (2008 estimate) Male 51.3 years (2008 estimate) Infant mortality rate 44 deaths per 1,000 live births (2008 estimate) Population per physician 2,510 people (2004) Population per hospital bed 635 people (1990) Literacy rateTotal 81.4 percent (2005 estimate) Female 84.1 percent (2005 estimate) Male 78.6 percent (2005 estimate) Education expenditure as a share of gross national product (GNP) 9.3 per...

• Senegal Facts and Figures.

  Other 2 percent HEALTH AND EDUCATIONLife expectancyTotal 57.1 years (2008 estimate) Female 58.5 years (2008 estimate) Male 55.7 years (2008 estimate) Infant mortality rate 59 deaths per 1,000 live births (2008 estimate) Population per physician 17,406 people (2004) Population per hospital bed 2,500 people (1998) Literacy rateTotal 42.1 percent (2005 estimate) Female 32.6 percent (2005 estimate) Male 51.7 percent (2005 estimate) Education expenditure as a share of gross nation...

• Armenia Facts and Figures.

  Other 4 percent HEALTH AND EDUCATIONLife expectancyTotal 72.4 years (2008 estimate) Female 76.5 years (2008 estimate) Male 68.8 years (2008 estimate) Infant mortality rate 21 deaths per 1,000 live births (2008 estimate) Population per physician 270 people (2006) Population per hospital bed 227 people (2003) Literacy rateTotal 98.4 percent (2000 estimate) Female 97.6 percent (2000 estimate) Male 99.3 percent (2000 estimate) Education expenditure as a share of gross national pr...

• Sri Lanka Facts and Figures.

  Hindu 15 percent Christian 8 percent Muslim 8 percent HEALTH AND EDUCATIONLife expectancyTotal 75 years (2008 estimate) Female 77.1 years (2008 estimate) Male 73 years (2008 estimate) Infant mortality rate 19 deaths per 1,000 live births (2008 estimate) Population per physician 1,834 people (2004) Population per hospital bed 323 people (2002) Literacy rateTotal 92.8 percent (2005 estimate) Female 90.6 percent (2005 estimate) Male 95 percent (2005 estimate) Education expen...

• Belarus Facts and Figures.

  Other 5 percent HEALTH AND EDUCATIONLife expectancy Total 70.3 years (2008 estimate) Female 76.4 years (2008 estimate) Male 64.6 years (2008 estimate) Infant mortality rate 7 deaths per 1,000 live births (2008 estimate) Population per physician 209 people (2006) Population per hospital bed 89 people (2003) Literacy rateTotal 99.7 percent (2005 estimate) Female 99.6 percent (2005 estimate) Male 99.8 percent (2005 estimate) Education expenditure as a share of gross national p...

• Moldova Facts and Figures.

  Protestant 2 percent Nonreligious 20 percent Other 8 percent HEALTH AND EDUCATIONLife expectancy Total 70.5 years (2008 estimate) Female 74.4 years (2008 estimate) Male 66.8 years (2008 estimate) Infant mortality rate 14 deaths per 1,000 live births (2008 estimate) Population per physician 376 people (2006) Population per hospital bed 149 people (2003) Literacy rateTotal 99.3 percent (2005 estimate) Female 99 percent (2005 estimate) Male 99.7 percent (2005 estimate) Edu...

• Afghanistan Facts and Figures.

  Shia Muslim 15 percent Other 1 percent HEALTH AND EDUCATIONLife expectancy Total 44.2 years (2008 estimate) Female 44.4 years (2008 estimate) Male 44 years (2008 estimate) Infant mortality rate 155 deaths per 1,000 live births (2008 estimate) Population per physician 5,381 people (2004) Population per hospital bed 2,500 people (2001) Literacy rateTotal 36.3 percent (2000) Female 20.8 percent (2000) Male 51 percent (2000) Education expenditure as a share of gross national...

• Kazakhstan Facts and Figures.

  Orthodox Christian 10 percent Roman Catholic 3 percent Nonreligious 29 percent Other 4 percent HEALTH AND EDUCATIONLife expectancy Total 67.5 years (2008 estimate) Female 73.2 years (2008 estimate) Male 62.2 years (2008 estimate) Infant mortality rate 27 deaths per 1,000 live births (2008 estimate) Population per physician 258 people (2006) Population per hospital bed 130 people (2006) Literacy rateTotal 99.6 percent (1995) Female 99.5 percent (1995) Male 99.7 percent (1...

• Latvia Facts and Figures.

  Protestant 24 percent Roman Catholic 20 percent Atheist 6 percent Other 1 percent HEALTH AND EDUCATIONLife expectancy Total 71.9 years (2008 estimate) Female 77.3 years (2008 estimate) Male 66.7 years (2008 estimate) Infant mortality rate 9 deaths per 1,000 live births (2008 estimate) Population per physician 319 people (2006) Population per hospital bed 128 people (2003) Literacy rateTotal 99.8 percent (2005 estimate) Female 99.8 percent (2005 estimate) Male 99.8 percen...

• Niger Facts and Figures.

  Other 1 percent HEALTH AND EDUCATIONLife expectancyTotal 44.3 years (2008 estimate) Female 44.3 years (2008 estimate) Male 44.3 years (2008 estimate) Infant mortality rate 115 deaths per 1,000 live births (2008 estimate) Population per physician 32,931 people (2004) Population per hospital bed 8,333 people (1998) Literacy rateTotal 18.7 percent (2005 estimate) Female 10.6 percent (2005 estimate) Male 27.1 percent (2005 estimate) Education expenditure as a share of gross natio...

• Slovenia Facts and Figures.

  Atheist 3 percent Protestant 2 percent Nonreligious 5 percent Other 6 percent HEALTH AND EDUCATIONLife expectancy Total 76.7 years (2008 estimate) Female 80.7 years (2008 estimate) Male 73 years (2008 estimate) Infant mortality rate 4 deaths per 1,000 live births (2008 estimate) Population per physician 456 people (2004) Population per hospital bed 200 people (2003) Literacy rateTotal 99.7 percent (2005 estimate) Female 99.6 percent (2005 estimate) Male 99.7 percent (200...

• Gabon Facts and Figures.

  Other 2 percent HEALTH AND EDUCATIONLife expectancyTotal 53.5 years (2008 estimate) Female 54.6 years (2008 estimate) Male 52.5 years (2008 estimate) Infant mortality rate 53 deaths per 1,000 live births (2008 estimate) Population per physician 3,420 people (2004) Population per hospital bed 313 people (1990) Literacy rateTotal 70.8 percent (2000) Female 62.2 percent (2000) Male 79.8 percent (2000) Education expenditure as a share of gross national product (GNP) 4.6 percent (...