Devoir de Philosophie

what is progress

Publié le 05/01/2013

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What is Progress ? We can define progress in different ways. This can be the positive development activity in science, technology, health, etc.. Or the annual increases in the nation's total output of goods and services. Especially with reference to the commercial opportunities created thereby or to the promotion of the material well-being of the public through the goods, techniques, or facilities created. Or it is the development of an individual or society in a direction considered more beneficial and superior than the previous level. We also can speak about advancement in general, using this term of "social and economic growth". Through the ages, progress has always been existing since a long time, since the creation of the world. But a period marks really the change : the XIX century with significant changes revolution pre-manufacturer (the system: water / wood / wind) ; first industrial revolution ( iron/ coal/ stream) and the second industrial revolution ( petrol/ electricity/ alloys). A technical revolution, social, .... in different ways. The society had really evaluate since this period. The progress causes much of changes. What brings us to ask us if the progress is always beneficial. First of all, the progress is a common but complex notion. The progress participates has the improvement of the world, the society (social progress) but the changes sometimes create problems, the other side of the coin. The progress is a complex and evolutionary notion. It is really difficult to define it. Progress exists because people (States, laboratories, scientists...)develops it. It is also an important source of conflicts and debates. Progress is an historical notion which we need to consider in different periods: - Antiquity Greco-roman: Two ideas of progress: * the primitiveness, which sees the decline, * and the progressivism, which sees the progress. For example for the Philosopher Seneque, technical progress is a sign of decline ! Eschyle, in a mythical way, attributes the progress in techniques and sciences, to Prometheus, a Titan who brought the fire to the humans. On the other hand, Sophocles, looks for the origin of the progress in the human, creative mind. - That the century of Louis XIV could bring improvements, progress in the arts and the letters. Afterward, under the influence of the Cartesian ideas and the technical improvements (which the model is the clock): authors vi...

« ­ In the XIXth century the "progress" became an economic notion, then became   scientific.  It is late r still that it has been joined by the notion of innovation. Progress = potentiality ­ XXth century, by analyzing the impact of the technical progress on the working   population, the demographer and the economist Alfred Sauvy introduces the distinction   between " processif progress " and " recessive progress ". Progressive = benefit to the   dominants;  processif beneficit to  the dominated. But so that there is a progress, one needs that actors who participate as the   discovery of these innovations. ­French  State played a driving role in the blooming of techniques it developed railroads   and improved the quality of roads, in the XIXth century, what favoured the extra­ regional exchanges In pre­industrial Europe, the invention of the intellectual property, by means of the   patent, is a way of favouring the technical progress and their profitability. ­ E ngineers such as symbolic Brunelleschi or Léonard de Vinci. From the XVIIth   century, workshops realize scientific instruments, the modern physics is born inspired   by the interest carried in the technical problems (Galilee, Christian Huygens, Blaise   Pascal, etc.), and Academy of Science (in England in the XVIIth century, in France in   the XVIIIth century) is officially interested in techniques. The bourgeoisie, in the power,   shows its interest for techniques and sciences ­ numerous multinationals invest in the leading scientific research to insure their   technical competitiveness (IBM, Laboratories Bell, pharmaceutical industry, etc.) The progress is a notion which make debate. Today certain medical techniques   are forbidden or are very supervised by legal and moral laws (bioethics). The cloning   for example is a taboo subject. Debate for and against the progress, on its effects on   the society. An example given regularly concerning the social effects of the technical progress is   the one of the implementation of automated boxes in supermarkets. There are   approximately 150 000 cashiers in France today, and the setting­up of these   automated boxes would put in danger their employment.

    The debate is especially situated around the limits  of the progress which have to be   limited and authorized. The moral question also enters in account.

  But especially a lot of people are against the progress because they are afraid of the   change, the unknown. Whereas a lot of people see in the progress one of the   conditions or a means to improve their life.. »

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