War on terrorism

WAR ON TERRORISM Introduction "War on Terrorism" or "War on terror or "Global War on Terror" = how the Bush administration calls international military campaign begun in 2001 by the United States and theUnited Kingdom, with support from other countries. This expression is not used by Obama administration. This notion was already used by Reagan and Bill Clinton. After the the 9-11 terrorist attacks, G. Bush used the term "crusade" but he abandons the term at his advisers' investigation because it could give food to religious war. In June 2005, members of American administration try to impose the term "global struggle against violent extremist" to underlines the political and ideological dimension of this conflict. The neoconservatives prefer talk about a World War 4. I) Creation and implementation II) National and international consequences III) Debate and controversy I) Creation and implementation A) 9/11 Attacks The September 11 attacks were a series of four coordinated suicide attacks upon the United States in New York and the Washington areas on September 11, 2001. On that Tuesday morning, 19 terrorists from the islamist militant group Al-Qaeda hijackers four passenger jets. The hijackers intentionally flew two of those planes into the North and South towers of the World Trade Center complex in New York City; both towers collapsed within two hours. The hijackers also intentionally crashed another plane into the Pentagon in Arlington Virginia, and intended to pilot the fourth hijacked jet into the Capitol building in Washington, D.C.; however, the plane crashed into a field in Pennsylvania after its passengers attempted to take control of the jet from the hijackers. Nearly 3000 people died including all 227 civilians and 19 hijackers aboard the four planes. B) Shock and Bush's reaction. These attacks are lived as a real trauma by a very big part of the population, which associates them with Pearl Harbour's attack by Japanese in 1941 who don't transmit a preliminary declaration of war. The United States feel at war and the Bush administration decrees the national mobilization, followed in it by the American media. In France, Le Monde titles in its publishing dated September 13th, 2001: «We are every Americans ". The shock is transmitted to the whole planet, the images of the collapse of both towers spread on screens, whereas the UN Security Council brings its immediate support. Washington sets up immediately a series of measures to destroy the terrorist groups and to protect the population, the territory, the lifestyle, the values and the interests of the United States. The first measure, on September 11th, was to make land all the civil planes flew over the United States, a few hours after attacks, and to prevent the other planes from penetrating there; with several exceptions for some private planes, like a Saudi plane which allowed members of the family Bin Laden to bring out of the country (detail underlined by some opponents of George W. Bush like Michael Moore). C) Concrete actions In his speech...