India on the move Ouverture (p. 18-19)

Unit 1 India on the move Ouverture (p. 18-19) La thématique de la première unité consacrée à l'Inde d'aujourd'hui permet d'aborder deux des notions du programme culturel : L'idée de progrès et Lieux et formes du pouvoir. La question d'ouverture "Why is India said to be a country of contradictions?" met d'emblée l'accent sur un des aspects les plus frappants de l'Inde moderne : les contrastes entre sa rapide expansion économique et l'extrême pauvreté d'une grande partie de sa population. La tâche finale de l'unité invite les élèves, après avoir étudié les différents documents de l'unité, à écouter un reportage faisant état des contrastes au sein de la société indienne puis à présenter à l'oral un des aspects de ce pays en pleine mutation. Cette Final task met donc en oeuvre deux activités langagières : la compréhension de l'oral et l'expression orale en continu. Nous avons choisi de mettre l'accent dès le début de l'année sur l'entraînement à l'oral, et donc l'activité langagière dominante de cette première unité est la compréhension de l'oral, épreuve au baccalauréat pour les séries ES, S et ST. Today's India Illustration: Chowpatty Beach, Mumbai, India Chowpatty, Mumbai's most famous beach, is a favourite spot for anyone out to enjoy some fresh air. The highlight of the year at Chowpatty is Ganesh Chaturthi (August/September), when huge crowds gather to watch images of the elephant-headed god of good fortune, Ganesh, paraded through the city streets and immersed in the sea. On laissera quelques minutes aux élèves pour préparer cette activité de production orale en continu. Ils prendront aussi connaissance du lexique proposé dans les Keywords, qui leur permettra d'enrichir leur production. 1. Avant de répondre à cette question portant sur la représentation de l'Inde suggérée par la photo, on demandera aux élèves d'en faire une brève description. Many people have gathered together on the bank of a river / a beach... Most of them have their backs turned to the camera and are looking at the skyline of a modern city that stretches out on the other side of the river / on the mainland... It is the end of the day and families may have got together to watch the sunset on the city... This picture presents a dual vision of India / a contrasted image of India... It shows India as a country of contrasts... On the one hand, the city's skyscrapers and modern buildings highlight how India has become a booming / thriving country... On the other hand, the saris that all the women are wearing indicate that traditions remain / have not disappeared... The photo also gives an impression of calm and happiness: children are playing, people seem relaxed... The photographer has focused his camera on a smiling couple holding their two children: they are representative of the two-child family policy encouraged by the Indian government... 2. Cette question personnelle permettra aux élèves d'évoquer leurs représentations de l'Inde, sans aucun doute nombreuses... On pourra les encourager à se reporter aux « Expressions utiles pour communiquer « (p. 173) afin d'utiliser les expressions permettant de faire part de son opinion. Unit 1 - India on the move 37 3. Pas de réponse type pour cette question. On demandera aux élèves dans un premier temps d'évoquer en vrac ce qu'ils savent de l'histoire de l'Inde, puis on demandera ensuite à un ou deux élèves de reconstituer chronologiquement les événements en prenant la parole en continu. Le Spotlight de l'unité, Milestones in the history of India (p. 30-31), permettra de vérifier et de préciser les connaissances des élèves et pourra être étudié à ce moment-là du cours. Focus on listening (p. 20-21) The two Indias L'activité langagière dominante de l'unité est la compréhension de l'oral. On trouvera donc dans ces deux pages Focus on listening trois activités ciblant chacune un ou deux points de méthodologie précis permettant aux élèves d'améliorer leur technique de compréhension de l'oral. On invitera également les élèves à consulter régulièrement les pages de méthodologie « Compréhension de l'oral « (p. 161-162). C D1 8- 9 A India's girls go missing Le point de méthodologie travaillé ici étant l'anticipation, on propose aux élèves de se préparer à l'écoute de l'enregistrement par une anticipation thématique (exercices 1 et 2) et une anticipation auditive (exercice 3). 1. These two documents focus on the fate of many Indian girls and women who go missing at birth or later... The 50 Million Missing campaign poster mentions "infanticide, dowryrelated murders, and other gendercide practices"... It is clear that the term gendercide is a portmanteau word formed with the words gender and genocide... India's 2011 census indicated that this gendercide resulted in a gender imbalance as there are only 940 Indian girls for every 1,000 boys... 2. In an audio report entitled "Families desperate for sons", we expect to find out why Indian families are more eager to have / keener on having sons rather than daughters, the consequences of their determination, the means they use to achieve their goal... D1 C 3. Les élèves entendent les deux phrases suivantes : 8 1. India is becoming an increasingly male-dominated society. 2. India is becoming an increasingly female-dominated society. L'anticipation, qui a été faite à partir du mot gendercide et de l'affiche, devrait permettre aux élèves de sélectionner la phrase 1. 4. On demande maintenant aux élèves d'écouter attentivement l'enregistrement afin de vérifier les hypothèses émises lors des questions 2 et 3. D1 C Script de l'enregistrement 9 JOURNALIST: India is becoming an increasingly male-dominated society as the latest census shows, the number of girls born there is at an all-time low. Families are desperate for sons as they are financially far more attractive and that's resulting in a rising number of genderselected abortions. As RT's Priya Shreeda reports, this gendercide may eventually leave many Indian men without partners. 38 Unit 1 - India on the move REPORTER (PRIYA SHREEDA): It takes a village to raise a child, the saying goes, but in the village of Karora, Haryana, about three hours from the Indian capital, not every child is given a chance. Here there are twice as many boys as girls and according to the latest Indian census numbers, the trend of more boys is a national reality and no coincidence. (Marquer une pause lors de la seconde écoute avant de passer à la question E.) DOCTOR RAJIV GUPTA: Each family wants there be a son, there should be at least one son who can look after the family business, who can look after the family name and who can look after the parents when they are old. REPORTER (PRIYA SHREEDA): Doctor Rajiv Gupta is a physician at a hospital in Haryana. In India, sex-selective abortions and finding out the sex of a baby before birth are illegal. But every day, Gupta sees patients who are willing to do just about anything to construct a family with more boys than girls. Villagers in Karora can't deny the statistics, few will talk about what is happening to all the baby girls. They do however admit than having boys is more attractive to them financially especially when it comes to the Indian practice of the bride's family paying a dowry to the groom's family before their wedding. From RT / The Economist, April 26th 2011 5. Corrigé du fichier de l'élève (p. 5) B. census - abortion - gendercide - partners - trend (tendance) - reality - sex-selective - birth - statistics - baby girls - dowry - groom (époux) C. 1. The number of girls born there is at an all-time low. 2. Families are desperate for sons as they are financially far more attractive. 3. This gendercide may actually leave many Indian men without partners. 4. In Karora not every child is given a chance. 5. In Karora there are twice as many boys as girls. D. There are fewer baby girls than baby boys in India today. One of the reasons is that Indian families prefer having boys as they are financially more attractive than girls. As a result, there are twice as many boys as girls and many Indian men may not be able to find partners. E. 1. the family business - 2. the family name - 3. the parents when they are old F. Finding the sex of a baby before birth is illegal. G. For Indian families, boys are more attractive than girls as the bride's family has to pay a dowry to the groom's family. 6. Selon le niveau de la classe, ce reportage pourra être résumé en anglais ou en français. (Rappel : le compte rendu de l'enregistrement lors de l'épreuve de compréhension de l'oral se fait en français.) Proposition de résumé en anglais : India is an increasingly male-dominated society as the latest census shows... Families are eager to have sons who are financially more attractive... Consequently there is a rising number of gender-selected abortions... In the village of Karora, Haryana, there are twice as many boys as girls... Doctor Rajiv Gupta explains that sons can look after the family business, the family name and the parents when they are old... He adds that even though finding out the sex of a baby before birth is illegal, sex-selective abortions are practised... Few villagers are willing to talk about what is happening to baby girls... However, they admit that the Indian dowry tradition could explain why sons are financially more attractive than daughters... Unit 1 - India on the move 39 Proposition de résumé en français : La société indienne est de plus en plus masculine, comme l'indiquent les chiffres du dernier recensement. Les familles sont de plus en plus désireuses d'avoir un garçon, plus avantageux sur le plan financier, ce qui a pour conséquence un nombre croissant d'avortements en fonction du genre du foetus. Le village de Harora, par exemple, compte deux fois plus de garçons que de filles, ce qui s'explique, selon un médecin, par le fait qu'un garçon peut s'occuper des affaires familiales, des parents lorsqu'ils sont âgés et perpétue le nom de famille. Bien qu'ils soient illégaux, les avortements en fonction du sexe sont donc souvent pratiqués. Peu de villageois parlent ouvertement de ce qui arrive aux bébés-filles. Ils reconnaissent, cependant, que le fait que la famille de l'épouse ait à payer une dot à celle du mari peut expliquer l'élimination des petites filles. L'extrait de l'article de The Independent ci-dessous apporte des informations complémentaires : Termination of pregnancy on the basis of sex was made illegal in India under the Pre-Natal Diagnostic Techniques Act in 1996, but the law is routinely flouted. The Home Secretary, Gopal Pillai, has called for a "complete review" of the current policies designed to deal with the imbalance in the sexes, but few believe there is a genuine willingness among politicians to address the issue. The market for sex determination is said to be worth at least $100m (£62m) a year, with 40,000 registered ultrasound clinics. Although attempts have been made to increase penalties under the act, out of 800 court cases against doctors in 17 states there have been only 55 convictions. The Independent, May 25th 2011 C D1 12 B High-tech cities 10- 1. This picture, which shows the state-of-the-art / innovative headquarters of a hi-tech enterprise in Bangalore, presents the image of a modern / thriving / enterprising / businessoriented country... D1 C 2. Les élèves vont entendre les trois phrases suivantes. 10 1. The villagers have built an elementary irrigation system. 2. Hyderabad is even called "High-Tech City". 3. Two-thirds of India's billion people still live in agricultural communities. Les phrases 1 et 3, qui font référence à l'agriculture, sont bien sûr à éliminer. 3. Après cette phase d'anticipation, les élèves sont maintenant prêts à écouter l'enregistrement. Script de l'enregistrement D1 C Part 1 11 JOURNALIST: Sirisha lives and works in Hyderabad, a city in southern India that is in the vanguard of the country's embrace of high-tech industries. So much so that one area of Hyderabad is even called "High Tech City"; the locals have dubbed it "Cyberabad". 40 Unit 1 - India on the move Sirisha's office block houses several major industry players, including Google's local operation. And it houses her own company, a legal firm called QuisLex, that she started when she returned to India five years ago after more than a decade working as an attorney in Manhattan. (to Sirisha): And the difference between the India that you left and the India that you came back to? SIRISHA: Is yawning. It's a huge difference. D1 C Part 2 12 JOURNALIST: A huge difference that is transforming the face of Hyderabad, and some other Indian cities, and reshaping the Indian economy. The growth of the high-tech sector has been the principal pillar helping India to achieve record GDP growth of more than 8 percent every year since 2004. It is easy to look on India as a country on the march. In Gurgaon, just outside the capital, New Delhi, the foundations have been dug for a series of new shopping malls and Western hotels, enormous holes in the ground that will soon be filled by buildings bearing familiar global logos. La fiche d'aide à la compréhension du fichier de l'élève (p. 5) permettra de classer, relier et hiérarchiser les informations contenues dans le document sonore, dans le but de préparer activement la question 4 qui demande de résumer le reportage. Corrigé du fichier de l'élève (p. 5-6) Part 1 A. an Indian entrepreneur The city where Sirisha works High-tech city office in the same building as Sirisha's company Sirisha's company returned to India five years ago where Sirisha used to work as an attorney Æ Æ Æ Æ Æ Æ Æ Sirisha Hyderabad / Cyberabad Cyberabad / Hyderabad Google QuisLex Sirisha Manhattan B. 1. The journalist asks Sirisha about the difference between the India she left and the India she came back to. 2. Sirisha answers that the difference is huge. C. Sirisha is an Indian entrepreneur who, after working as an attorney in Manhattan, returned to India five years ago. Her company, QuisLex, is located in the same building as the Indian branch of Google, in Hyderabad, the high-tech city also called Cyberabad. She thinks that there is a huge difference between the India she left and today's India. Part 2 D. difference - experience - translating - transforming - transporting - reshuffling - reshaping - gross - growth - high-tech sector - hype sector - pillow - pillar - GNP (gross national product) - GDP (gross domestic product) E. 8% - It corresponds to the annual GDP growth since 2004. F. It is just outside the capital, New Delhi. G. shopping malls - Western hotels - enormous holes - global logos H. India is "a country on the march" because its economy keeps transforming thanks to the rapid development of the high-tech sector. India's GDP has been increasing at an annual rate of 8% for several years now. A city like Gurgaon is building shopping malls and hotels and it will soon be ready to accommodate global / international enterprises. Unit 1 - India on the move 41 4. Les élèves pourront s'appuyer sur leurs réponses aux questions C et H pour résumer ce reportage. Ce résu...