Devoir de Philosophie

The History of the British Labour Movement (1789-1951)

Publié le 15/07/2014

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The French revolution can be regarded as the first real revolution in Europe. The meaning of revolution is a radical change in ways of thinking and behaving. A revolution can also be the overthrowing of a government by its citizens. After many years of famine and the lack of understanding by the population about the king and the decision he took (for example the war in USA), the French people chose, at first, to frighten the king. It worked at first. The Assemblée Nationale wrote a new Constitution, they wanted to reorganize the Church in France with " la constitution civile du clergé" (the 24th august 1790). But after the death of Mirabeau (the 2cond April 1791), the "Pâques inconstitutionnelles" (the 18th April 1791 with the popular pressure) and the resignation of Lafayette (the 21th April 1791), the king planed a counterrevolution. He tried to escape: "la fuite à Varennes" the 20 and 21th June 1791. According to a story, it is a french recognized the king with a piece of money. He gave the alert. The king and the royal family were arrested for high treason. The 25th June 1791, the king, Louis XVI was dismissed from his duties by the Assemblée nationale. The 3 September 1791, the first French liberal Constitution was proclaimed. It transferred the king's power and his prerogatives to the Nation. This Constitution institutes in France a constitutional monarchy.   This introduction will help us to understand the impact of the French revolution (first part) and the postwar radicalism (second part) from the book "the History of the British Labour Mouvement 1789-1951".       The Impact of the French revolution (1789-1815)   ·         The French revolution The author finds just one comparison between the French revolution of 1789, and the Russian revolution of 1917 with the common which is the power of ideology in both Revolutions. The French revolution had the motto "Liberty, Equality, Fraternity" (the actual French motto). These three words mean the ideas of people at this time. According to the ideas of the majority, the taxes were unfair, the government was old fashion and the mind was changing. These facts were happened few times before, in England. That gave a revolution: The first Revolution in England was in 1640, the English Civil War. Charles the first is decapitated the 30th January 1649. The common aspect with these two Revolutions is the too big power of the kings. The people wanted more authority to decide. Once of demands of the revolutionaries in France was the property rights. The first opposition to Louis XVI was the aristocracy, the bourgeoisie. They found it unfair to pay so many taxes, and they wanted to keep the property rights. That's why one of first article of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen of 1789 speaks about it: Article 2: "… These rights are liberty, property, security and resistance to oppression". With this point, the author says that the working class in England supported and identified "with the more far-reaching aims of the real revolutionaries in France". (Davis 2009: 26) The "club des Jacobins" in France was a g...

«   ·         The French revolution The author finds just one comparison between the French revolution of 1789, and the Russian revolution of 1917 with the common which is the power of ideology in both Revolutions.

The French revolution had the motto "Liberty, Equality, Fraternity" (the actual French motto).

These three words mean the ideas of people at this time.

According to the ideas of the majority, the taxes were unfair, the government was old fashion and the mind was changing.

These facts were happened few times before, in England.

That gave a revolution: The first Revolution in England was in 1640, the English Civil War.

Charles the first is decapitated the 30th January 1649. The common aspect with these two Revolutions is the too big power of the kings.

The people wanted more authority to decide.

Once of demands of the revolutionaries in France was the property rights.

The first opposition to Louis XVI was the aristocracy, the bourgeoisie.

They found it unfair to pay so many taxes, and they wanted to keep the property rights.

That's why one of first article of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen of 1789 speaks about it: Article 2: "...

These rights are liberty, property, security and resistance to oppression".

With this point, the author says that the working class in England supported and identified "with the more far-reaching aims of the real revolutionaries in France".

(Davis 2009: 26) The "club des Jacobins" in France was a group of thinking people.

They were against the loss of power of the state and advocated a strong state.

In the same time, two groups in England had the same thinking: the Levellers and the Diggers.

Both the Glorious revolution in 1688 and the French revolution tried to resolve the problem of property.         ·         Thomas Paine and Mary Wollstonecraft. »

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