Turkmenistan Facts and Figures. BASIC FACTS Official name Capital Area Turkmenistan Ashgabat 488,100 sq km 188,500 sq mi PEOPLE Population 5,179,571 (2008 estimate) Population growth Population growth rate 1.60 percent (2008 estimate) Projected population in 2025 6,501,830 (2025 estimate) Projected population in 2050 7,591,841 (2050 estimate) Population density 11 persons per sq km (2008 estimate) 27 persons per sq mi (2008 estimate) Urban/rural distribution Share urban 46 percent (2005 estimate) Share rural 54 percent (2005 estimate) Largest cities, with population Ashgabat 574,000 (2003 estimate) Chärjew 203,000 (1999 estimate) Dashhowuz 165,000 (1999 estimate) Ethnic groups Turkmen 85 percent Uzbek 5 percent Russian 4 percent O ther 6 percent Languages Turkmen (official) 72 percent Russian 12 percent Uzbek 9 percent O ther 7 percent Religious affiliations Muslim (mostly Sunni Muslim) 87 percent Nonreligious 9 percent Orthodox Christian 2 percent Atheist 1 percent O ther 1 percent NOTE: Islam in Turkmenistan is influenced by Sufi mysticism. HEALTH AND EDUCATION Life expectancy Total 68.6 years (2008 estimate) Female 71.8 years (2008 estimate) Male 65.5 years (2008 estimate) Infant mortality rate 52 deaths per 1,000 live births (2008 estimate) Population per physician 402 people (2006) Population per hospital bed 141 people (1997) Literacy rate Total 99.7 percent (1995) Female 99.6 percent (1995) Male 99.8 percent (1995) Education expenditure as a share of gross national product (GNP) Number of years of compulsory schooling Number of students per teacher, primary school 4 percent (1991) 9 years (2002-2003) 22 students per teacher (1997) GOVERNMENT Form of government Republic Voting qualifications Universal at age 18 Constitution Armed forces Total number of military personnel Military expenditures as a share of gross domestic product (GDP) 18 May 1992; amended 1994, 1999, 2001, 2003 26,000 (2004) 1.2 percent (2003) ECONOMY Gross domestic product (GDP, in U.S.$) GDP per capita (U.S.$) $10.5 billion (2006) $2,142.40 (2006) GDP by economic sector Agriculture, forestry, fishing 19.9 percent (2004) I ndustry 40.8 percent (2004) Services 39.3 percent (2004) Employment Number of workers 2,257,462 (2006) Workforce share of economic sector Agriculture, forestry, fishing 49 percent (1998) I ndustry 20 percent (1991) Services 11 percent (1991) Unemployment rate 2 percent (1991) National budget (U.S.$) Total revenue Not available Total expenditure Not available Monetary unit 1 Turkmen manat, consisting of 100 tenge Major trade partners for exports Ukraine, Italy, Iran, Russia, and Turkey Major trade partners for imports Russia, Ukraine, United States, Germany, and Turkey ENERGY, COMMUNICATIONS, AND TRANSPORTATION Electricity production Electricity from thermal sources Electricity from hydroelectric sources 99.97 percent (2003 estimate) 0.03 percent (2003 estimate) Electricity from nuclear sources 0 percent (2003 estimate) Electricity from geothermal, solar, and wind sources 0 percent (2003 estimate) Number of radios per 1,000 people 289 (1997) Number of telephones per 1,000 people 80 (2003) Number of televisions per 1,000 people 197 (2000 estimate) Number of Internet hosts per 10,000 people Daily newspaper circulation per 1,000 people Number of motor vehicles per 1,000 people Paved road as a share of total roads 1.1 (2003) 7 (2000) Not available 81 percent (1999) SOURCES Basic Facts and People sections Area data are from the statistical bureaus of individual countries. Population, population growth rate, and population projections are from the United States Census Bureau, International Programs Center, International Data Base (IDB) (www.census.gov). Urban and rural population data are from the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations (UN), FAOSTAT database (www.fao.org). Largest cities population data and political divisions data are from the statistical bureaus of individual countries. Ethnic divisions and religion data are largely from the latest Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) World Factbook and from various country censuses and reports. Language data are largely from the Ethnologue, Languages of the World, Summer Institute of Linguistics International (www.sil.org). Health and Education section Life expectancy and infant mortality data are from the United States Census Bureau, International Programs Center, International database (IDB) (www.census.gov). Population per physician and population per hospital bed data are from the World Health Organization (WHO) (www.who.int). Education data are from the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) database (www.unesco.org). Government section Government, independence, legislature, constitution, highest court, and voting qualifications data are largely from various government Web sites, the latest Europa World Yearbook, and the latest Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) World Factbook. The armed forces data is from Military Balance. Economy section Gross domestic product (GDP), GDP per capita, GDP by economic sectors, employment, and national budget data are from the World Bank database (www.worldbank.org). Monetary unit, agriculture, mining, manufacturing, exports, imports, and major trade partner information is from the statistical bureaus of individual countries, latest Europa World Yearbook, and various United Nations and International Monetary Fund (IMF) publications. Energy, Communication, and Transportation section Electricity information is from the Energy Information Administration (EIA) database (www.eia.doe.gov). Radio, telephone, television, and newspaper information is from the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) database (www.unesco.org). Internet hosts, motor vehicles, and road data are from the World Bank database (www.worldbank.org). Note Figures may not total 100 percent due to rounding. Microsoft ® Encarta ® 2009. © 1993-2008 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Microsoft ® Encarta ® 2009. © 1993-2008 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
