Somalia Facts and Figures. BASIC FACTS Official name Capital Area Somali Republic Mogadishu 637,700 sq km 246,200 sq mi PEOPLE Population 9,379,907 (2008 estimate) Population growth Population growth rate 2.81 percent (2008 estimate) Projected population in 2025 14,861,596 (2025 estimate) Projected population in 2050 25,499,605 (2050 estimate) Population density 15 persons per sq km (2008 estimate) 39 persons per sq mi (2008 estimate) Urban/rural distribution Share urban 35 percent (2003 estimate) Share rural 65 percent (2003 estimate) Largest cities, with population Mogadishu Hargeysa 1,175,000 (2003 estimate) 43,627 (1990) Ethnic groups Somali 85 percent O ther 15 percent Languages Somali (official), Arabic, Italian, English, Bantu Religious affiliations Muslim (Islam is the official religion; almost all Sunni Muslim) Christian 99 percent 1 percent HEALTH AND EDUCATION Life expectancy Total 49.2 years (2008 estimate) Female 51.1 years (2008 estimate) Male 47.4 years (2008 estimate) Infant mortality rate Population per physician 111 deaths per 1,000 live births (2008 estimate) 25,000 people (2004) Population per hospital bed 2,500 people (1997) Literacy rate Total 24.1 percent (1995) Female Male Education expenditure as a share of gross national product (GNP) Number of years of compulsory schooling Number of students per teacher, primary school 14 percent (1995) 36.1 percent (1995) 0.5 percent (1985) 8 years (2001-2002) 20 students per teacher (1997) GOVERNMENT Form of government The nation has been threatened for years by civil strife and has been torn by a bloody power struggle between clans since 1991. Voting qualifications Universal at age 18 Constitution None in force. Because of the lack of unified government, no constitution is really in effect. Armed forces Total number of military personnel Military expenditures as a share of gross domestic product (GDP) 225,000 (1996) 4 percent (2002) ECONOMY Gross domestic product (GDP, in U.S.$) GDP per capita (U.S.$) 917 million (1990) 137.40 (1990) GDP by economic sector Agriculture, forestry, fishing 65.5 percent (1990) I ndustry 10.1 percent (1986) Services 27.5 percent (1986) Employment Number of workers 3,611,921 (2006) Workforce share of economic sector Agriculture, forestry, fishing 75 percent (1990) I ndustry 8 percent (1990) Services 16 percent (1990) Unemployment rate Not available National budget (U.S.$) Total revenue Not available Total expenditure Not available Monetary unit 1 Somali shilling (So. Sh.), consisting of 100 cents Major trade partners for exports United Arab Emirates, Oman, Kuwait, India, and Thailand Major trade partners for imports Djibouti, Kenya, Brazil, Thailand, and United Arab Emirates ENERGY, COMMUNICATIONS, AND TRANSPORTATION Electricity production Electricity from thermal sources 100 percent (2003 estimate) Electricity from hydroelectric sources 0 percent (2003 estimate) Electricity from nuclear sources 0 percent (2003 estimate) Electricity from geothermal, solar, and wind sources 0 percent (2003 estimate) Number of radios per 1,000 people 53 (1997) Number of telephones per 1,000 people 12 (2005) Number of televisions per 1,000 people 19 (2000 estimate) Number of Internet hosts per 10,000 people 0 (2000) Daily newspaper circulation per 1,000 people 1 (1996) Number of motor vehicles per 1,000 people Paved road as a share of total roads 0.9 (1997) 12 percent (1999) SOURCES Basic Facts and People sections Area data are from the statistical bureaus of individual countries. Population, population growth rate, and population projections are from the United States Census Bureau, International Programs Center, International Data Base (IDB) (www.census.gov). Urban and rural population data are from the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations (UN), FAOSTAT database (www.fao.org). Largest cities population data and political divisions data are from the statistical bureaus of individual countries. Ethnic divisions and religion data are largely from the latest Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) World Factbook and from various country censuses and reports. Language data are largely from the Ethnologue, Languages of the World, Summer Institute of Linguistics International (www.sil.org). Health and Education section Life expectancy and infant mortality data are from the United States Census Bureau, International Programs Center, International database (IDB) (www.census.gov). Population per physician and population per hospital bed data are from the World Health Organization (WHO) (www.who.int). Education data are from the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) database (www.unesco.org). Government section Government, independence, legislature, constitution, highest court, and voting qualifications data are largely from various government Web sites, the latest Europa World Yearbook, and the latest Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) World Factbook. The armed forces data is from Military Balance. Economy section Gross domestic product (GDP), GDP per capita, GDP by economic sectors, employment, and national budget data are from the World Bank database (www.worldbank.org). Monetary unit, agriculture, mining, manufacturing, exports, imports, and major trade partner information is from the statistical bureaus of individual countries, latest Europa World Yearbook, and various United Nations and International Monetary Fund (IMF) publications. Energy, Communication, and Transportation section Electricity information is from the Energy Information Administration (EIA) database (www.eia.doe.gov). Radio, telephone, television, and newspaper information is from the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) database (www.unesco.org). Internet hosts, motor vehicles, and road data are from the World Bank database (www.worldbank.org). Note Figures may not total 100 percent due to rounding. Microsoft ® Encarta ® 2009. © 1993-2008 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
