Slavery

FROM SLAVERY TO CIVIL RIGHTS 1619 - 1965 I. Slavery in America The History of Slavery in America (part 1 of 3) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jc1RbUxQv4E The History of Slavery in America (part 2 of 3) http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=endscreen&v=YPXHrMDvBm0&NR=1 The History of Slavery in America (part 3 of 3) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MZkpU_ioRKw&feature=relmfu A. The beginning of slavery. Slaves Where did they come from ? Mostly from Africa. Arrival in America : (city and date) In Jameston, Virginia in 1619 Jobs ? Work in cotton fields (to pick and haul the cotton) Prohibitions ? No right no vacation, no wages, no property, to marry, to read, to write Ways to escape / resist slavery ? -religion : Christianity and African beliefs -music : folk tales -family -working slowly. Owners Who are they ? Owned by a small group of the wealthiest and most powerful whites What type of slaves did they select ? Strong healthy males and females between the age of 18 and 35 Define the word slave in your own words. Where did some slaves' revolts take place? They took place in South Hampton, Virginia in 1831 B. Abolitionist's movements. Abolitionists Black or white? Both races Example of people Frederick Douglas Arguments against slavery? Unethical, immoral and against religion Action to free slaves? The underground railroad: to carry fugitives slaves to the North in order to be freed Underground railroad Black or white? Fugitives, free blacks and white Actions To hide runnaways and coduct them to the next station to reach the North Harriet Tubman. List the information given. Escape from a plantation in Maryland in 1849. She then helped fugitives escape and flee to the North Ways to protect herself. She waited the last moment to show herself. She carried a revolver. She sang traditional slave songs to relay coded messages C. Dred Scott case and John Brown Dred Scott Slave or not? A black slave What did he do? He sued is master / owner Arguments to free him He travelled through the free soil (Illinois) so he should therefore be emancipated and freed from his master. Arguments against freeing him Because of his skin colour, he was not an American citizen and could not sue his owner. Besides, the crossing of free state do not grant automatically freedom John Brown Slave or not? A white male Pacifist? No he was violent (armed intervention) What were his ambitions? Who decided to follow him? To attack the slave-owners in the South and liberate the slaves. Harriett Tubman would have followed him What happened to him? Captured by the authorities and hanged two months later II. DIFFERENCES AND CONFLICTS BETWEEN THE NORTHERN AND SOUTHERN STATES LEAD TO THE CIVIL WAR Who was elected in 1860? Abraham Lincoln Was he in favour of against slavery? Against What did he do? What was the consequence? Civil War A. What were the differences between the Northern States and the Southern States in the XIXth century ? Northern states versus Southern states https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rY9zHNOjGrs&t=240s https://www.civilwar.org/learn/articles/north-and-south https://jubiloemancipationcentury.wordpress.com/2015/07/11/the-demographics-and-geography-of-free-blacks-north-south-east-west/ Northern States Population White or black? Mostly white Slaves or free? Free Proportion of free people compared to the south : 100% Major cities Where? Boston, Brooklyn, New York City, Philadelphia, Baltimore, Cincinnati, St Louis, Chicago. Economy Based on ? Industries 3 or 4 examples of goods (des biens) produced in factories: Iron, firearms, cotton textiles, leather goods? B. What were the differences between the Northern States and the Southern States ? Southern States Population and most important city 7 most important slave states : Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana. Proportion of slaves in the population 4 million blacks and 5.5 million whites Most important city in the Southern States? Charleston, New Orleans Economy What was it based on? Agriculture What plants did farmers grow? Cotton, tobacco, sugar, rice Who worked on these farms? Mostly slaves B. The Civil War map of the 2 armies The Civil War Dates? How long did it last for ? For 4 years from 1861 to 1865 Who fought who? (give the name of the armies) The Union Army (North) vs. The Confederate Army (South). Who won it? Which president played an important role? The Union won the war (anti-slavery). The president Lincoln played an important role What was the result for the Blacks? The thirteen amendment was added to the US constitution. It abolishes slavery except if a person commits/is convicted for a crime. Put the following events on the time line 1860 1861 1865 1877 ___?__________?__________________?______________?_______ Civil War - Reconstruction period - Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution - Election of President Lincoln Abraham Lincoln was elected President in 1860. During Lincoln's presidency, the Southern states seceded from (left) the Union because Lincoln and the Northern states were against slavery. In this war, the Northern states (which stayed in the Union) fought the Southern states (called the Confederacy). The Civil War lasted from 1861 until 1865. In 1865 the 13th amendment to the Constitution abolished slavery. The 13th amendment to the United States Constitution says that "Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction."It was passed before the end of the Civil War. With the adoption of the 13th amendment, the United States found a final constitutional solution to the issue of slavery. III. WHITE REACTION: HOW DID THE WHITE SOUTHERNERS REACT TO THE ABOLITION OF SLAVERY A. The Black Code After the end of the American Civil War in 1865, during the Reconstruction period of 1865-1877 in the defeated South (the Confederacy), federal law protected the civil rights of the liberated African slaves. The Black Code (Jim crow Laws) of 1865 "In 1865, White Southerners thought about the ways to regain power over the ex-slaves. It was through the creation of the Black Codes that whites discovered they could control almost all aspects of life of Southern blacks. Codes controlled almost all aspects of life and prohibited African Americans from the freedom that had been won. Here are some examples : 1. Freedom of speech and movement: Living in towns and cities was also discouraged. In Louisiana it was almost impossible for blacks to live within the towns or cities. Residency was only possible if a white employer agreed to take responsibility for his employee's conduct. 2. Occupational choice: job choice Commonly, codes obliged freedmen to work. In many states, if a black man was unemployed, he could be arrested for vagrancy (vagabondage (?). Even the freedom to choose an occupation was often regulated. Many white Southerners believed blacks were predestined to work as agricultural laborers and domestics. 3. The right to vote 4. Often the public schools for black children didn't get enough money" 1° Where did lots of Blacks have to live? What did they have to do to live in a town? They had to live outside cities, that is to say in the countryside. Their employers had to agreed to be responsible for their behaviour. 2° Jobs : Tick the right sentence and justify by using the text. The Blacks were not obliged to work, if they did, they could choose their working hours and could own their shop in a town. FALSE The Blacks had to work, and they could choose their working hours. They did most jobs in the countryside or in town. FALSE ? The Blacks had to work, if they didn't they could be sent to prison. On top of that they couldn't choose they working hours and had to be farm hands and servants. TRUE ? The Blacks had to work, if they didn't, they could be sent to prison. Nevertheless (néanmoins) they could do any job and choose their working hours. FALSE ? B. THE KU KLUX KLAN "The Ku Klux Klan is a secret white supremacist organization. It subsisted during Reconstruction, during and after World War I, and in the 1960s during the civil rights movement. The Klan was organized in Tennessee in 1866. It was active throughout the South in mostly rural areas. Klansmen dressed in white robes and covered hoods, rode on horses, and dragged black people from their homes, assaulting them by whipping or lynching them. Such assaults were successful in keeping black men from voting. Many southern whites sympathized with their objectives and did not try to stop their actions. In the 1920s cross burning became a popular form of intimidation. However, by the late 1920s, fewer people enrolled the Klan, all the more as the government enacted laws prohibiting masks and the organization's secrecy. By the 1960s, as the civil rights movement was emerging, the Klan's membership reached almost twenty thousand. Some of the groups used violence and attacked blacks and civil rights workers. While the Klan still exists today, with a few thousands of members. The Klan has ties to other white supremacist organizations such as the Aryan Nations and the Skinheads 1°) Use the information from the text and from the pictures below to answer the following questions the Ku Klux Klan When was the Ku Klux Klan created ? It was created in 1866 in Tennessee. In which part of the USA did they recruit their members? (hint: whose flag can you see behind the 3 Klansmen? They recruit their members in the Southern states of the USA. The flag that can be seen behind the 3 Klansmen is the one of the Confederate (the Confederate states belong to the Southern states during the Civil War. The flag used during the Civil War) How did they aggress Black people? They whipped and lynched black Americans What did they stop the Blacks from doing? They prevent the Blacks from voting. IV. THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT AFTER WORLD WAR II I 1950's: segregation in the USA Segregation in the 1950's Racial segregation started after the Civil War (1861-1865), especially in the U.S. Southern States and lasted up to the 1960s. Black people, Japanese and other "undesirables" had to use separate schools, public toilets, park benches (bancs) etc. Other laws prohibited people of different races from marrying. In some states, if a restaurant admitted people of colour and Whites, separate parts of the restaurant had to be arranged for each group; in other places it was forbidden for stores (shops) or restaurants to serve different races in the same place. Rosa Parks and the Montgomery Bus Boycott "On the 1st of December 1955, Mrs. Rosa Parks, an African-American seamstress, was arrested in Montgomery, Alabama for not standing and letting a white bus rider (passenger) take her seat. When asked to move to let a white bus rider be seated Mrs. Parks refused. She did not argue and she did not move. The police were called and Mrs. Parks arrested. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. was pastor in Montgomery. He and the Black community decided to fight back by boycotting the bus company. The boycott lasted for over a year and eventually, on November 13, 1956 the Supreme Court declared that Alabama's laws requiring segregation on buses were illegal. The boycott had lasted 381 days and was a success. Buses throughout the USA were then forced to desegregate. What was segregation like in the USA? Definition of segregation: The separation or isolation of a race, or an ethnic group by enforced or voluntary residence in a restricted area, by barriers to social intercourse, by separate educational facilities or by other discriminatory means. Indicate other examples of segregated places Find 2 photos about signs showing segregation An example of segregation : Rosa Parks and the Montgomery bus boycott Locate Alabama on the segregation map 1950's. Was it a segregated state? Alabama was a segregated state What did Rosa Parks refuse to do on the bus? What happened to her then? She refused to leave her seat to a white man. She was arrested. How did the Black community react? (they reacted by + V ING) How long did this action last for? They reacted by boycotting the bus company that is to say by stopping taking the bus. The boycott lasted for over a year / more than a year. What was the consequence for Alabama's laws? And for the USA? Alabama's laws were declared illegal by the Supreme Court (the highest federal court of the US). As it was declared illegal, segregation in buses were forbidden.