india

« (1916) then secreatry-general in 1926 and finally president of it in 1929.

H e would be four times President, mandates being interrupted with stays in English prisons for "civil disobedience" and trips abroad.

He became Prime Minister in August 1947 and assured a remarkable political stability h owever, he had not done much to poverty and underdevelopment of the state.

His p restige enabled him to play an important role in the UN and in international meetings (Pact of Colombo, 1950 Bandung Conference, 1955, Belgrade, 1961); at the same time, he tried to modernize his country.

His daughter, Indira Gandhi (with any familial link with Mohandas Gandhi), was elected as President of Congress Party in 1959.

He was sick since 1963 and he died in New Delhi in 1964 That's why there will have little disagreements between Nehru and Gandhi about the future of the state.

Gandhi was more traditionnalist with a wish to empower the people of India.Whereas Nehru, was more "modernist" and atheist, dreaming of large reforms and integration of India into the "concert of nations", so he wanted to integrate the english economic and industrial system.

This two men led a lot of no-violente actions to caused the stard of british. Between 1920 and 1922, Gandhi did a lot of passive actions.

He organised the boycott of english products and english institutions.

This actions intended to paralysed british government and institutions.

During this period, indian didn't pay their taxation, t hey did the strike Morever, he decided to lead an action for spinning to support the indian crafts which suffer especially in the textil sector.

But british government answered by repression and put in jail 30000 person.

The conditions in prison were diffuclt, in fact, every person was beat and floged every day.

A protest march took place and activist killed 22 policemen, it was called the masssacre of Chauri Chaura.

Gandhi was considered as responsible of it and he was sent to prison.

He went out in 1924. In 1929, Nehru was elected president of Congress party and reclame immediately independence of India but english didn't answer. Gandhi started again the fight in 1930 with The Salt March to fight against the taxe on the salt.

His parcous was long of 400 km and a lot of indians joined him in his road.

But english answered again by arresting more than 60 000 persons. Then, in 1932, he abstain from eating to protest against political resolutions.

In fact, british politicians decided to give to untouchable people (group of person castaway of the indian cast), a electoral statute separated in the new consitution .

So, it was his kind to show that India wanted a more equitable resolution. Then the WWII began and Gandhi and Nehru wanted to support the british army only if they offered them in exchange the independence .

But the 8 may 1942, they started the action “Quit India” to pull out the british.

This important actions mobilised many indians and a lot of march, strike and passive resistance took place.

But the british autorities put in jail, the next day Gandhi, his wife (who died in jail), Nehru and others members of the Congress.

But this arrestations only reinforced demonstrations throughout the country. In 1944, Gandhi was liberated by Churchill and at the end of the war, the british empire who was weaken, hadn't other choice to give its independence to India.

But the country knew another problem.

In fact, India was divided by two religions : mulsim and hindu.

So, after their liberation Gandhi and Nehru began a partition project of India to create an “idealistic” state where there can be numerous religions.

But the Muslim League founded in and led by Ali Jinnah didn't want to unite the country.

He wanted the creation of mulsim state distinct.

The conflicts between the two communities multiplied.

An affrontement in 1946, in Calcutta killed 10 000 personn and to avoid a civil war, the partition of India is decided.. »