Le secteur tertiaire

« SOMMAIRE INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................................

2 I. IVORIAN TRADE ..........................................................................................................................

2 1) Conditions for the development of trade .....................................................................................

2 2) Domestic trade .............................................................................................................................

2 3) External trade ..............................................................................................................................

3 a. Exports.....................................................................................................................................

3 b. Imports.....................................................................................................................................

3 4) Ivorian trade problems and solutions ..........................................................................................

4 II. TRANSPORT ..................................................................................................................................

5 1) Types of transport ............................................................................................................................

5 a. The Ivorian road network ........................................................................................................

5 b. The rail network ......................................................................................................................

5 c. Air transport ............................................................................................................................

6 d. Maritime transport ...................................................................................................................

6 e. The importance of transport .....................................................................................................

6 f. Sector problems and solutions .....................................................................................................

6 III. TOURISM ...................................................................................................................................

7 1) IV. 1) The assets and components of tourism1- The assets and components of tourism.......................

7 a. Ecotourism...............................................................................................................................

7 b. Seaside and sports tourism ......................................................................................................

8 c. Historical and religious infrastructures ...................................................................................

8 d. Cultural tourism .......................................................................................................................

8 e. Incoming hotels or business tourism .......................................................................................

8 f. The role of tourism in the economy ........................................................................................

9 OTHER SERVICES (banking, insurance, telecommunications and tax) ...................................

9 Mobile telephony network coverage ...............................................................................................

9 2) Banks and microfinance ..............................................................................................................

9 3) Insurance ...................................................................................................................................

10 4) Taxes .........................................................................................................................................

10 5) The informal sector ...................................................................................................................

10 CONCLUSION .....................................................................................................................................

10 INTRODUCTION The tertiary sector of the economy, generally referred to as the service sector, is the third of the three economic sectors in the three-sector theory.

The others are the secondary sector (more or less identical to manufacturing) and the primary sector (raw materials). It is defined as all human activities that do not produce material goods.

These are service activities which together account for more than 50% of national GDP. The tertiary sector comprises :  Market services (shops, transport, telecommunications, hotels, tax services, banking and insurance)  Non-market services (for which no direct payment is made: public administration, education, hospitals). I. IVORIAN TRADE 1) Conditions for the development of trade Trade in Côte d'Ivoire benefits from a number of favourable factors.

The country has a wide range of exportable products (agricultural, forestry, mining, energy, fisheries, industrial products, etc.).

Communications infrastructure is fairly dynamic (roads, ports, railways, airports, etc.).

The relatively large, composite and mobile population easily adapts to commercial activities.

The numerous banking structures and information and communication technologies are essential assets for the development of trade. At the political level, we can point to the partnership agreements from which Ivorian trade benefits (the EU-ACP agreements, AGOA, sub-regional cooperation and, since 17 December 2015, the eligibility of Côte d'Ivoire for the Compact programme of the United States Millennium Challenge Corporation with estimated gains of 300 billion for Ivorian trade). Finally, the country's socio-political stabilisation is a determining factor in the revival of Ivorian trade. 2) Domestic trade This mainly involves the collection and distribution of consumer products of various kinds (food, animal, fish, agri-food and industrial products).

Large commercial companies operate in this sector (Cap-Sud - Sococé - Hyper Hayat - Cash Center - Carrefour - Playce, etc.).

They are joined by a large number of wholesalers in supermarkets (Cdci - King Cash - Bon Prix, etc.) and fast-food outlets, as well as a large number of retailers throughout the country.

There has also been a marked increase in e-commerce (online shopping), with structures such as Jumia and Afrimarket.). 3) External trade Despite periods of turbulence, Côte d'Ivoire's trade balance is generally in surplus. a.

Exports Côte d'Ivoire's exportable supply structure is heavily dominated by industrial agricultural products, which account for almost 50% of Ivorian exports, of which cocoa beans account for almost 30%. This is followed by petroleum products (crude oil) and mining products, which account for 16% of exports.

Primary processing products, including processed cocoa, account for nearly 20% of exports.

Manufactured products, including petroleum products, account for 13%. Other exports include wood products, canned tuna, electrical energy, etc. In terms of export destinations, the EU is Côte d'Ivoire's main traditional market.

It absorbs more than 40% of Côte d'Ivoire's exports.

Within this group, the Netherlands is Côte d'Ivoire's leading partner.

We also have the increasingly dynamic US market.

On a continental level, ECOWAS is Côte d'Ivoire's largest market, followed by South Africa.

Ivorian exports are gradually penetrating Asian markets (Malaysia, China). b.

Imports Ivorian imports consist mainly of non-agricultural products.

They are made up as follows: intermediate goods, including crude oil (31%), capital goods, including mechanical machinery (19%), food products, including rice (21%), and various consumer goods (27%). Dairy, animal and chemical products are imported in significant quantities.

In terms of suppliers, customs statistics for 2020 show the following rankings: China, Nigeria, France, India, the United States, the Netherlands and Turkey.  Group of products exported: Value in billions of CFA francs  Imported product group: Value in billions of CFA francs  Côte d'Ivoire's main customer countries from 2016 to 2020 Source: Ivorian Customs 4) Ivorian trade problems and solutions THE PROBLEMS OF IVORIAN TRADE - Socio-political instability is hampering trade activities The products exported are mainly raw materials. The high proportion of informal trade Problems with the conservation of agricultural products on the market, especially foodstuffs. Difficulties encountered by the OCPV in professionalising the food trade. Road hassles (rackets) hamper commercial activities. Frequent market fires destroy commercial activities Fraud, tax corruption, counterfeiting and unfair competition Cybercrime and online fraud Load shedding disrupts business activities, leading to additional costs - Falling commodity prices on the world market The isolation of several regions and the poor state of roads make it difficult to sell products. Lack of control and anarchy in the prices of products marketed in Côte d'Ivoire. Weak commercial cooperation in the sub-region and on the continent. PROPOSED SOLUTIONS            II. Stabilise the country to encourage the development of commercial activities Diversify exports by focusing on industrial products Improve conservation techniques for marketed products Combat road harassment (rackets) Professionalise the trade sector, especially the food trade Prevent and combat market fires, avoid load shedding Effectively combat fraud, tax corruption, counterfeiting, unfair competition and cybercrime. Raise awareness among traders of the need to use standardised invoices and pay tax. Open up the regions and build and rehabilitate communications infrastructure. Intensify price controls on markets Strengthen sub-regional and continental trade cooperation TRANSPORT 1) Types of transport a.

The Ivorian road network The road network is a strategic element of national development and one of the best in the sub-region.

In 2019, it covered 82,090 km, broken down as follows: 75,347 km of earth roads (i.e.

91.7%) and 6,743 km of paved roads (i.e.

8.2% of the total road network).

Road transport in Côte d'Ivoire handles over 90% of the movement of people and goods, both internally and with neighbouring countries. b.

The rail network The rail network consists of a single line running 1,156 km from Abidjan to Ouagadougou, 638 km of which is on Ivorian territory.

Privatised in 1994, the railway is now operated by Sitarail (Société Inter.

de Transport Africain par Rail). The railway accounts for 75% of goods transport on the Abidjan - Ouagadougou corridor, compared with 25% for road transport. c.

Air transport Côte d'Ivoire has two international airports (Abidjan - Yamoussoukro - Bouaké) and 24 aerodromes open to public air traffic throughout the country.

Six (06) cities (Abidjan, SanPedro, Korhogo, Bouaké, Man, Odienné) are served by the national airline Air Côte d'Ivoire. Air freight traffic has been increasing since 2012, with traffic rising from 17,000 to 20,000 tonnes between 2013 and 2015. d.

Maritime transport With a maritime surface area of 207,000 km², maritime transport in Côte d'Ivoire is essentially provided by the two major ports, the PAA and the PASP, opened in.... »