Devoir de Philosophie

Boucher's Diana resting after her Bath, not a mythological painting !!!

Publié le 09/05/2014

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Francois Boucher, 1703-1770, was a French painter and decorative artist, and one of the foremost artists of the Rococo style in France. In 1742, he painted “Diana Resting after Her Bath” which is considered to be Boucher’s masterpiece, according to Gustav Lundenberg who was a member of the Royal Academy in Paris. This painting was displayed in the Salon of 1742 and has been owned by the Louvre since 1852.  It was restored by “Le port Autonome de Paris”.  “Diana Resting After Her Bath”, which is a “galante” mythological painting, is an incredible depiction of two sensual and elegant women in a lovely and imaginary landscape. As the title indicates, this represents the Roman mythological goddess Diana, virgin goddess of moon, hunt and birthing, who is resting after a tired expedition while being served by her nymph, who is preparing her ritual bath. She is recognizable thanks to her attributes, which are the golden crescent moon diadem, the pearl necklaces, the bow and the quiver of the huntress, the dogs and the dead game. She is also identifiable because she is associated with wild animals and woodland. She is represented here in the forest surrounded by wildlife. Yet, one of the most important things to focus on is that the two women depicted are in the nude in a painting painted in France in the 18th century, which was supposed to be looked at by its society.  The 18th century in France was designed to be the age of Enlightenment, which was a cultural movement of intellectuals emphasizing reason and individualism rather than tradition. It is also defined as a libertine century, which became a philosophical and artistic movement questioning the limits of reason and religious dogma, rejecting metaphysical systems and superstitions, revealing the diversity of beliefs and opinions, thereby undermining the principles of traditional morality. Libertinism refers mainly to dissolute morals, the transgression of moral rules; it combines eroticism as the selfish enjoyment and the power of a painting to represent a breathless society that seeks pleasure in itself.  In this social context it seems obvious that Boucher’s painting is not a mythological one, at first, because of its size. Mythological paintings were often painted on large canvases to symbolize the divinity and importance of the immortals depicted. The Rococo Movement is characterized by small canvases that were made to fit on wooden panels of smaller apartments, and “Diana Resting After Her Bath”, which measures 57 × 73 cm (22.4 × 28.7 in), would thus refer more to the characteristic of a genre painting than a mythological one. Furthermore, Diana is more sensual than a huntress, as she is nude. Unlike the Venus Pudica, she demonstrates a lack of prudery more like a libertine than a goddess. “Diana Resting After Her Bath” is, therefore, not a mythological painting that represents two goddesses in the nude but a genre pai...

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Mythological paintings were often painted on large canvases to symbolize the divinity and importance of the immortals depicted.

The Rococo Movement is characterized by small canvases that were made to fit on wooden panels of smaller apartments, and “Diana Resting After Her Bath”, which measures 57 × 73 cm (22.4 × 28.7 in), would thus refer more to the characteristic of a genre painting than a mythological one. Furthermore, Diana is more sensual than a huntress, as she is nude.

Unlike the Venus Pudica, she demonstrates a lack of prudery more like a libertine than a goddess.

“Diana Resting After Her Bath” is, therefore, not a mythological painting that represents two goddesses in the nude but a genre painting depicting two erotic naked women.

The subject as well as the title relating to the Roman mythology, was then a pretext to freely paint without any censorship, two sensually naked mortals that symbolized the French 18th century society and its lifestyle.

Had he titled this painting “Two French Women After Their Bath”, it would have been rejected by both society and the salon.  Indeed, even if libertinism and philosophy were major currents of the 18th century in France, they referred to only a part of the society.

Social classes were well differentiated between the nobility and the working class, which was fighting against the monarchy.

Thus, this delicate and warm painting, whose subject is taken from Antiquity, represents only a minor part of the 18th century society and its pastime.

François Boucher painted “Diana Resting After Her Bath” surrounded by the goddess' attributes.

Yet these attributes - the golden crescent moon diadem, the pearl necklaces, the bow and the quiver of the huntress, the dogs and the dead game - that fit in a mythological context, also allude to the French nobility.

Indeed, the diadem refers directly to monarchy and the pearl necklace to the jewelry its people can have afforded.

Although the two women are undressed, there is a huge piece of lapis-lazuli blue silk that represents the depiction of wealth, as silk was very expensive and came from the South of France.

Boucher was aware of the lushness of the fabric as he was a decorator but also as he painted several paintings of Madame de Pompadour, the King's mistress, with what appears to be the same sort of soft tissue.

Hunting dogs, trained for the purpose, allude to nobility as well as refer to its activities.  Yet, the most significant is the representation of Diana, who is sitting with a natural grace on the blue sheet. She is crossing her legs, which indicates she has time and time, was a type of leisure.

She is indeed depicted. »

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